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首页> 外文期刊>Hydrological Processes >Inter-catchment comparison to assess the influence of topography and soils on catchment transit times in a geomorphic province; the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland
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Inter-catchment comparison to assess the influence of topography and soils on catchment transit times in a geomorphic province; the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland

机译：流域间比较，以评估地形和土壤对地貌省流域运输时间的影响；凯恩戈姆山脉，苏格兰

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A quantitative, process relevant analysis of ten mesoscale (ca 10-90 km~2) catchments in the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland was carried out using 10-m digital terrain models (DTMs). This analysis produced a range of topographic indices that described differences in the landscape organisation of the catchments in a way that helped explain contrasts in their hydrology. Mean transit time (MTT)-derived from isotopic tracer data-was used as a metric that characterised differences in the hydrological function of the ten catchments. Some topographic indices exhibited significant correlations with MTT. Most notably, the ratio of the median flow path length to the median flow path gradient was negatively correlated with MTT, whilst the median upslope area was positively correlated. However, the relationships exhibited significant scatter which precluded their use as a predictive tool that could be applied to ungauged basins in this region. In contrast, maps of soil hydrological properties could be used to differentiate hydrologically responsive soils (which are dominated by overland flow and shallow sub-surface storm flow) from free draining soils (that facilitate deeper sub-surface flows). MTT was negatively correlated with the coverage of responsive soils in catchments. This relationship provided a much better basis for predicting MTT in ungauged catchments in this geomorphic province. In the Cairngorms, the extensive cover of various glacial drift deposits appears to be a first order control on soil distributions and strongly influences the porosity and permeability of the sub-surface. These catchment characteristics result in soil cover being a much more discerning indicator of hydrological function than topography alone. The study highlights the potential of quantitative landscape analysis in catchment comparison and the need for caution in extrapolating relationships between landscape controls and metrics of hydrological function beyond specific geomorphic provinces.
机译：使用10米数字地形模型（DTM）对苏格兰Cairngorm山区的10个中尺度流域（约10-90 km〜2）流域进行了与过程相关的定量分析。这项分析得出了一系列地形指数，这些指数描述了流域景观组织的差异，从而有助于解释其水文学方面的差异。从同位素示踪剂数据中得出的平均穿越时间（MTT）被用作衡量十个流域水文功能差异的指标。一些地形指数显示与MTT显着相关。最值得注意的是，中位流路长度与中位流路坡度之比与MTT负相关，而中位上坡面积正相关。但是，这些关系表现出明显的分散性，因此无法将其用作可用于该地区未开采盆地的预测工具。相反，可以使用土壤水文特性图来区分水文响应性土壤（主要由陆上水流和浅层地下暴雨流控制）与自由排水土壤（有利于深层地下水流）。 MTT与集水区反应土壤的覆盖率呈负相关。这种关系为预测该地貌省未开垦集水区的MTT提供了更好的基础。在凯恩戈姆斯，各种冰川漂流沉积物的广泛覆盖似乎是对土壤分布的一级控制，并强烈影响了地下的孔隙度和渗透率。这些汇水特征导致土壤覆盖比单独的地形更能识别水文功能。这项研究突出了定量流域分析在流域比较中的潜力，以及在推断景观控制与特定地貌省以外水文功能度量之间的关系时需要谨慎的必要性。

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