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首页> 外文期刊>Hydrology research >Evapotranspiration in high alpine catchments - an important part of the water balance!
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Evapotranspiration in high alpine catchments - an important part of the water balance!

机译：高山流域的蒸散量-水平衡的重要组成部分！

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摘要

In this paper the third water balance component, the actual evapotranspiration (ETA), is analysed. Although evapotranspiration rates decrease with increasing altitude, it can be concluded that substantial quantitative differences are found among temperature and energy balance-based techniques for estimating the ETA. The objective of this study is to apply a distributed and continuous hydrological model and to utilise standard meteorological datasets with a high spatio-temporal resolution (1 km2 and 60 min) to estimate the evapotranspiration in high Alpine Austrian catchments. Compared with the Hargreaves and Thornthwaite methods the ASCE-Penman-Monteith approach yields substantially higher potential evapotranspiration (ETP) rates, with basin-values up to 24% higher compared with the temperature-based methods. The decrease of ETP with elevation ranges from 6 to 26 mm per 100 m. The ETA rates differ up to 15%, with a decrease of 18-28 mm per 100 m. About 30% of the annual precipitation is evaporated and this implies that even larger correction factors of precipitation are required to satisfy the runoff. The method is demonstrated in basins in the north central Austrian Alps.
机译：本文分析了第三种水平衡成分，即实际蒸散量（ETA）。尽管蒸散速率随着海拔的升高而降低，但可以得出结论，在基于温度和能量平衡的估算ETA的技术之间发现了实质性的定量差异。这项研究的目的是应用分布式和连续的水文模型，并利用具有高时空分辨率（1 km2和60分钟）的标准气象数据来估算高奥地利高山流域的蒸散量。与Hargreaves和Thornthwaite方法相比，ASCE-Penman-Monteith方法产生的潜在蒸散量（ETP）明显更高，与基于温度的方法相比，盆地值高出24％。 ETP随高度的降低范围为每100 m 6到26 mm。 ETA率差异高达15％，每100 m减小18-28 mm。年降水量约有30％被蒸发，这意味着需要更大的降水校正因子才能满足径流的需要。该方法在奥地利阿尔卑斯山中北部的盆地中得到了证明。

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