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Modelling of seasonal effects of soil processes on N leaching in northern latitudes

机译：北方地区土壤过程对氮淋失的季节效应模拟

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Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (N) in non-polluted and undisturbed northern rivers are often lower during summer than during the dormant season. The great difference between summer and winter N concentrations probably reflects higher soil water N contents in the dormant season compared with the growing season, when inorganic N is usually retained effectively. Microbial activity in soil is observed even in subzero temperatures and it is generally assumed that in the northern latitudes some N mineralization occurs during winter. The dynamic, semi-distributed INCA (Integrated Nitrogen in Catchments) model was applied to the Simojoki river basin in the boreal zone in northern Finland. With this model process rates and loads of N can be simulated in different land use modes. The INCA model was not able to simulate the high inorganic N concentrations in the river water in winter unless N processes in sub-zero temperatures were included. The aim of this study was to compare the simulated N mineralization in two different land use modes: boreal forests on mineral soil and agricultural fields. Net N mineralization occurring during the season when soil is mainly frozen (November-April) accounted for 43% of the annual N mineralization. This work indicates the importance of overwinter N processes in northern areas, which should be taken into account when modelling nutrient leaching.
机译：在夏季，夏季未受污染且不受干扰的北部河流中的无机氮（N）浓度通常低于休眠季节。夏季和冬季氮含量之间的巨大差异可能反映了在休眠期相比生长季（通常有效地保留无机氮）更高的土壤水分氮含量。即使在零下温度下，也观察到土壤中的微生物活动，通常认为在北纬冬季会发生一些氮矿化。动态的半分布式INCA（集水区中的集成氮）模型已应用于芬兰北部寒带区的Simojoki流域。利用该模型，可以在不同的土地利用模式下模拟N的处理速率和负荷。除非包括低于零温度的氮过程，否则INCA模型无法模拟冬季河水中无机氮的高浓度。这项研究的目的是比较两种不同土地利用方式下的模拟氮矿化：矿质土壤上的北方森林和农业领域。在主要冻结土壤的季节（11月至4月）发生的净N矿化占年度N矿化的43％。这项工作表明了北部地区越冬氮过程的重要性，在对营养物淋洗进行建模时应考虑到这一点。

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