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首页> 外文期刊>Nordic hydrology >Evaluating snowmelt runoff generation in a discontinuous permafrost catchment using stable isotope, hydrochemical and hydrometric data
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Evaluating snowmelt runoff generation in a discontinuous permafrost catchment using stable isotope, hydrochemical and hydrometric data

机译：使用稳定的同位素，水化学和水文数据评估不连续多年冻土流域融雪径流的产生

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Research on snowmelt runoff generation in discontinuous permafrost subarctic catchments has highlighted the role of: (ⅰ) permafrost in restricting deep percolation and sustaining near-surface water tables and (ⅱ) the surface organic layer in rapidly conveying water to the stream. Conceptual models of runoff generation have largely been derived from hydrometric data, with isotope and hydrochemical data having only limited application in delineating sources and pathways of water. In a small subarctic alpine catchment within the Wolf Creek Research Basin, Yukon, Canada, snowmelt runoff generation processes were studied during 2002 using a mixed methods approach. Snowmelt timing varied between basin slopes, with south-facing exposures melting prior to permafrost-underlain north-facing slopes. The streamflow freshet period begain after 90% of snow had melted on the south-facing slope and coincided with the main melt period on the north-facing slope, indicating that contributing areas were largely defined by permafrost distribution. Stable isotope (δ~(18)O) and hydrochemical parameters (dissolved organic carbon, specific conductivity, pH) suggest that, at the beginning of the melt period, meltwater infiltrates soil pores and resides in temporary storage. As melt progresses and bare ground appears, thawing of soils and continued meltwater delivery to the slopes allows rapid drainage of this meltwater through surface organic layers. As melt continues, soil thawing progresses and pre-event water mixes with melt water to impart streamflow with a gradually decreasing meltwater contribution. By the end of the melt period, the majority of water reaching the stream is displaced water that has resided in the catchment prior to melt. For the entire study period, approximately 21% of freshet was supplied by the snowpack, and the remaining majority was pre-melt water stored in the catchment slopes over-winter and displaced during melt. Hydrochemical data support hydrometric observations indicating the dominant flow pathway linking the slopes and the stream is through the organic horizon on permafrost-underlain slopes.
机译：在不连续的多年冻土亚弧集水区产生融雪径流的研究突出了以下作用：（ⅰ）多年冻土在限制深层渗滤和维持近地表水位方面起作用；（ⅱ）在将水快速输送到溪流中的地表有机层。径流产生的概念模型主要来自水文数据，同位素和水化学数据在描绘水的来源和途径方面仅具有有限的应用。在加拿大育空地区沃尔夫克里克研究盆地内的一个小的北极亚高山流域，2002年采用混合方法研究了融雪径流的产生过程。融雪的时间在盆地斜坡之间变化，朝南的暴露在永久冻土-衬托的朝北的斜坡融化之前。在90％的雪在朝南的坡面融化之后开始了新生流期，并且与朝北的坡面的主要融化期相吻合，这表明贡献区域主要由多年冻土分布决定。稳定的同位素（δ〜（18）O）和水化学参数（溶解的有机碳，比电导率，pH）表明，在融化期开始时，熔体水会渗入土壤孔隙并驻留在临时存储区中。随着融化的进行和裸露地面的出现，土壤的融化和持续的融化水输送到斜坡使得融化水可以通过表面有机层快速排出。随着融化的继续，土壤融化的进行和事前水与融化水混合，使水流逐渐减少，融化水的贡献也随之增加。到融化期结束时，到达水流的大部分水都是在融化之前留在集水区的置换水。在整个研究期间，雪堆大约提供了21％的新鲜水，其余大部分是冬季过冬时积蓄在集水区斜坡上的预融水，并在融化过程中被置换掉了。水化学数据支持水文观测，表明连接斜坡和河流的主要流动路径是通过多年冻土层下斜坡上的有机层。

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