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The role of winter sublimation in the Arctic moisture budget

机译:冬季升华在北极水分收支中的作用

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In the Arctic, the simplest way to describe the winter surface moisture budget (in the absence of any net horizontal transport) is: snow-water-equivalent depth on the ground (D) equals precipitation (P) minus sublimation (S). D, P and S are the most fundamental components of the winter arctic hydrologic cycle and understanding them is essential to understanding arctic moisture-related processes. Unfortunately, accurate solid-precipitation (P) measurements have proven nearly impossible to achieve in the Arctic, because precipitation generally falls when it is windy. Gauge undercatch can range from 55-75% depending on the gauge type and wind conditions. The state of knowledge for winter sublimation (S) is even more limited. There are few actual measurements and most studies have used physical models to estimate this quantity. Moreover, fundamentai questions concerning the boundary-layer physics of arctic winter sublimation remain unanswered. Resolving these is essential to closing local, regional, and pan-Arctic moisture budgets because some studies indicate sublimation may be as much as 50% of the total winter precipitation and 35% of the annual precipitation. This paper summarizes and analyzes the existing literature describing arctic sublimation.
机译:在北极,描述冬季地表水分收支的最简单方法(在没有任何水平净运输的情况下)是:地面上雪水当量的深度(D)等于降水量(P)减去升华量(S)。 D,P和S是冬季北极水文循环的最基本组成部分,对它们的理解对于理解北极与水分有关的过程至关重要。不幸的是,事实证明,在北极几乎不可能实现精确的固体沉淀(P)测量,因为通常在大风时降水会下降。仪表量不足的范围可能在55-75%之间,具体取决于仪表类型和风况。冬季升华(S)的知识水平更加有限。实际测量很少,大多数研究都使用物理模型来估算此数量。此外,有关北极冬季升华的边界层物理学的基本问题仍未得到解答。解决这些问题对于关闭本地,区域和整个北极的水分预算至关重要,因为一些研究表明,升华可能占冬季总降水量的50%和年降水量的35%。本文总结并分析了描述北极升华的现有文献。

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