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首页> 外文期刊>Nordic hydrology >A multi-scale nested experiment for understanding flood wave generation across four orders of magnitude of catchment area
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A multi-scale nested experiment for understanding flood wave generation across four orders of magnitude of catchment area

机译：多尺度嵌套实验，用于了解流域四个数量级上的洪水波生成

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摘要

Current understanding of flood response is deficient concerning the variation of flood generation at different spatial scales as a function of spatial and temporal variations in storm rainfall. This study therefore investigates the relationship between rainfall spatial variability and flood response through a multi-scale nested experiment. Hydrological data from an extensive network in the Eden catchment, UK, were collected for a range of flood events over varying scales from 1.1 km~(2)to 2,286 km~(2). The data were analysed to show the spatial scale dependency of flood peak and lag time. Peak specific discharge for winter events appears to remain constant with area up to 20–30 km~(2), corresponding to the main upland headwater catchments, thereafter declining as area increases. The flood response to the convective storms depends on the location of the rainfall and the downstream rates of change of runoff and peak discharge can vary significantly from the winter storm relationships. Particularly for large synoptic storms, average scaling laws for peak discharge have been quantified (exponents ranging between 0.75 and 0.86), illustrating the non-linear nature of the cross-scale variations. Such laws provide a means of linking the headwater catchments with the larger scale at which planners and decision-makers operate.
机译：当前关于洪水响应的认识不足，不足以取决于暴雨降雨时空变化的不同空间尺度下洪水的变化。因此，本研究通过多尺度嵌套实验研究了降雨空间变异性与洪水响应之间的关系。从英国伊甸园流域的一个广泛网络收集的水文数据，涵盖了从1.1 km〜（2）至2,286 km〜（2）范围内的一系列洪水事件。分析数据以显示洪水高峰和滞后时间的空间尺度依赖性。冬季事件的峰值比流量似乎保持恒定，最大面积为20-30 km〜（2），与主要的山地上游水源流域相对应，此后随面积增加而下降。对流风暴的洪水响应取决于降雨的位置，下游的径流和峰值流量变化率可能与冬季风暴的关系有很大不同。特别是对于大型天气风暴，已经确定了峰值流量的平均缩放定律（指数范围在0.75和0.86之间），这说明了跨尺度变化的非线性性质。此类法律提供了一种手段，可以将源头集水区与规划者和决策者的较大规模联系起来。

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