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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Ecology and behaviour of holoplanktonic scyphomedusae and their interactions with larval and juvenile fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico
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Ecology and behaviour of holoplanktonic scyphomedusae and their interactions with larval and juvenile fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico

机译：墨西哥湾北部全浮游鞘藻的生态，行为及其与幼体和幼鱼的相互作用

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摘要

Pelagia noctiluca is a venomous, globally distributed holoplanktonic scyphomedusa that periodically forms aggregations in coastal environments, yet little is known about its ecology and behaviour in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM). Using a high resolution plankton imaging system, we describe the patch characteristics of Pelagia medusae in relation to fine-scale biological and physical variables during two summers at shallow (similar to 25 m, 2016) and deeper (similar to 45 m, 2011) sampling areas on the nGOM shelf. At the deeper site during the day, average Pelagia medusae concentrations just underneath a surface plume of fresher water (10-25 m) ranged from 0.18 to 0.91 ind. m(-3), with a Lloyd's patchiness index of 13.87, indicating strong aggregation tendencies (peak fine-scale concentration reached 27 ind. m(-3)). These patches were often associated with horizontal gradients in salinity, and concentrations of several zooplankton taxa (e.g. chaetognaths, hydromedusae, siphono-phores, and ctenophores) were significantly negatively correlated with Pelagia medusae abundance (p 0.0001, Spearman correlations). Although larval fish abundance was not correlated with Pelagia medusae on the 1 m(3) scale (19.25 m horizontal distance), larval and juvenile fishes between 0.6 and 2.0 cm aggregated underneath the bell of some Pelagia medusae during the daytime only, even within hypoxic waters. Vertical distributions collected on a diel cycle demonstrated that Pelagia medusae perform a reverse diel vertical migration constrained by low salinity near the surface. These data suggest that salinity changes drive the distribution of Pelagia medusae vertically and horizontally, and when sufficient concentrations are present, medusae are capable of exerting a top-down effect on the abundances of their zooplankton prey. For zooplankton with high visual acuity, such as larval and juvenile fishes, the relationship with Pelagia medusae may change on a diel cycle and depend on the sensory ability of potential prey.
机译：夜蛾（Pelagia noctiluca）是一种有毒的，分布全球的全浮游鳞茎短尾蛾，在沿海环境中周期性地形成聚集体，但对其在墨西哥湾北部的生态和行为知之甚少。使用高分辨率浮游生物成像系统，我们描述了浅水（类似于25 m，2016）和较深（类似于45 m，2011）采样的两个夏季与中尺度细微的生物和物理变量有关的水蚤的斑块特征。 nGOM架子上的区域。在白天更深的地方，淡水表层羽流（10-25 m）之下的水母浮游杆菌的平均浓度范围为0.18至0.91 ind。 m（-3）的Lloyd斑点指数为13.87，表明强烈的聚集趋势（峰值细垢浓度达到27 ind。m（-3））。这些斑块通常与盐度的水平梯度相关，并且几种浮游生物类群（例如，白鳍金枪鱼，水母，虹吸管和鱼鳞茎）的浓度与水母浮游生物的丰度显着负相关（p <0.0001，Spearman相关性）。尽管在1 m（3）尺度（水平距离19.25 m）上幼虫鱼的丰度与水母（Pelagia medusae）不相关，但仅白天，即使在低氧环境下，某些水母（Peladia medusae）的钟形下也聚集了0.6至2.0 cm之间的幼体和幼鱼。水域。在diel周期上收集的垂直分布表明，水母Pelagia进行了反向diel垂直迁移，受地表附近低盐度的限制。这些数据表明，盐度的变化会驱动水母伯拉氏菌在垂直和水平方向上的分布，并且当存在足够的浓度时，水母能够对浮游动物的捕捞量产生自上而下的作用。对于视力较高的浮游动物，例如幼体和幼鱼，与水母伯乐氏菌的关系可能会在diel周期上发生变化，并取决于潜在猎物的感觉能力。

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