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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Ecosystem indicators-accounting for variability in species' trophic levels
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Ecosystem indicators-accounting for variability in species' trophic levels

机译：生态系统指标-解释物种营养水平的变化

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摘要

Trophic level (TL)-based indicators are commonly used to track the ecosystem effects of fishing as the selective removal of organisms from the food web may result in changes to the trophic structure of marine ecosystems. The use of a fixed TL per species in the calculation of TL-based indicators has been questioned, given that species' TLs vary with ontogeny, as well as over time and space. We conducted a model-based assessment of the performance of fixed TL-based indicators vs. variable TL-based indicators for tracking the effects of fishing pressure. This assessment considered three TL-based indicators (the trophic level of the landed catch (TLc), the marine trophic index (MTI) and the trophic level of the surveyed community (TLsc)), three fishing scenarios that targeted specific model groups (the low TL scenario (LTL), the high TL scenario (HTL) and a scenario encompassing broad-scale exploitation (ALL)) and ten contrasting marine ecosystems with four types of ecosystem modelling approaches that differ in their structure and assumptions. Results showed that, overall, variable TL-based indicators have a greater capacity for detecting the effects of fishing pressure than fixed TL-based indicators. Across TL-based indicators, TLsc displayed the most consistent response to fishing whether fixed or variable species' TLs were used, as well as the highest capacity for detecting fishing effects. This result supports previous studies that promote the use of survey-based indicators over catch-based indicators to explore the impacts of fishing on the structure of marine ecosystems. Across fishing scenarios, the low trophic level fishing scenario (LTL) resulted in the lowest consistency between fixed and variable TL-based indicator responses and the lowest capacity of TL-based indicators for detecting fishing effects. Overall, our results speak to the need for caution when interpreting TL-based indicator trends, and knowledge of the broader context, such as fishing strategies and exploitation history.
机译：基于营养水平（TL）的指标通常用于跟踪捕鱼的生态系统影响，因为从食物网中选择性去除生物可能会导致海洋生态系统的营养结构发生变化。鉴于物种的TL随个体发育以及时间和空间的变化而变化，在基于TL的指标的计算中使用每个物种固定的TL受到质疑。我们对固定的基于TL的指标与基于可变的TL的指标进行了基于模型的评估，以跟踪捕捞压力的影响。该评估考虑了三个基于TL的指标（登陆渔获的营养水平（TLc），海洋营养指数（MTI）和被调查社区的营养水平（TLsc）），针对特定模型组的三种捕捞情景（低TL情景（LTL），高TL情景（HTL）和包含大规模开发（ALL）的情景）以及十种形成鲜明对比的海洋生态系统，其四种类型的生态系统建模方法在结构和假设上有所不同。结果表明，总体而言，可变的基于TL的指标比基于固定的TL的指标具有更大的检测捕鱼压力影响的能力。在基于TL的指标中，无论使用固定物种还是可变物种的TL，TLsc均显示出对捕鱼的最一致反应，并且具有最高的检测捕鱼效果的能力。这一结果支持了以前的研究，这些研究提倡使用基于调查的指标，而不是基于捕捞的指标，以探讨捕鱼对海洋生态系统结构的影响。在所有捕鱼场景中，低营养级别的捕鱼场景（LTL）导致固定和可变基于TL的指标响应之间的一致性最低，而基于TL的指标在检测捕鱼效果方面的能力最低。总体而言，我们的结果表明在解释基于TL的指标趋势以及更广泛的背景知识（例如捕鱼策略和开采历史）时需要谨慎。

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  • 来源
    《ICES Journal of Marine Science》 |2017年第1期|158-169|共12页
  • 作者

    Reed Jodie; Shannon Lynne; Velez Laure; Akoglu Ekin; Bundy Alida; Coll Marta; Fu Caihong; Fulton Elizabeth A.; Gruss Arnaud; Halouani Ghassen; Heymans Johanna J.; Houle Jennifer E.; John Emma; Le Loch Francois; Salihoglu Baris; Verley Philippe; Shin Yunne-Jai;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa|Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa|Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit, MARBEC, UMR 248, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|CRH, LMI ICEMASA, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|Univ Montpellier, Pl Eugene Bataillon,Batiment 24,CC,093, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France;

    Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa;

    Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit, MARBEC, UMR 248, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|CRH, LMI ICEMASA, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|Univ Montpellier, Pl Eugene Bataillon,Batiment 24,CC,093, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France;

    Middle East Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, POB 28, TR-33731 Erdemli, Mersin, Turkey;

    Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada;

    Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa|Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa|Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit, MARBEC, UMR 248, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|CRH, LMI ICEMASA, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|CSIC, Inst Marine Sci ICM, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta,37-49, Barcelona 08003, Spain;

    Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada;

    CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia;

    Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA|Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA;

    Inst Natl Agron Tunisie, UR Ecosyst & Ressources Aquat 03AGRO1, 43 Ave Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia|UBO, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS,UMR 6539,Lab Sci Environm Marin,Inst Univ Eu, Technopole Brest Iroise,Rue Dumont Urville, F-29280 Plouzane, France;

    Scottish Marine Inst, SAMS, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland;

    Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland;

    Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England;

    UBO, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS,UMR 6539,Lab Sci Environm Marin,Inst Univ Eu, Technopole Brest Iroise,Rue Dumont Urville, F-29280 Plouzane, France;

    Middle East Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, POB 28, TR-33731 Erdemli, Mersin, Turkey;

    Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit, MARBEC, UMR 248, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|CRH, LMI ICEMASA, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France;

    Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa|Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa|Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit, MARBEC, UMR 248, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|CRH, LMI ICEMASA, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France|Univ Montpellier, Pl Eugene Bataillon,Batiment 24,CC,093, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    ecosystem indicators ecosystem models; fishing effects; fishing scenarios; trophic level-based indicators;

    机译：生态系统指标生态系统模型;捕捞效果;捕捞情景;基于营养水平的指标;

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