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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Trade-offs between forage fish fisheries and their predators in the California Current
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Trade-offs between forage fish fisheries and their predators in the California Current

机译：加利福尼亚州当前的牧草渔业与捕食者之间的权衡

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摘要

Forage fish generate economic benefits through directed fisheries, but also generate benefits through their role as prey to other valued species (large piscivorous fish, seabirds, and marine mammals). Previous evaluations of the ecosystem consequences of forage fish fisheries used models with coarse taxonomic resolution of forage fish and their predators. Here, we quantify trade-offs between forage fish fisheries and predator fisheries, and between forage fish fisheries and species of conservation interest in the California Current, using a taxonomically detailed food-web model and a generalized equilibrium model. We propagated uncertainty in trade-offs to forage fish fishing based on uncertainty in food-web model parameterization and uncertainty in predator-prey functional relationships in the generalized equilibrium model. The model predicted loss in catch of some higher trophic level fisheries [mainly salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) and halibut (Paralichthys californicus)] from fishing sardine (Sardinops sagax), anchovy (Engraulis mordax), herring (Clupea pallasii), or aggregated forage fish, but the lost economic revenue from predators never exceeded the economic benefit from additional forage fish catch. Predicted reductions in biomass of seabirds and marine mammals were sufficiently large that, depending on the value of these nonmarket species, consideration of nonmarket predators could tip the balance of trade-offs toward conservation of forage fish and away from harvest. This work highlights specific predators [brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus), multiple other seabirds, sea lions (Zalophus californianus and Eumetopias jubatus), baleen whales (Mysticeti)] that are potentially sensitive to specific forage fish fisheries in the California Current.
机译：饲用鱼可通过有针对性的渔业产生经济利益，但也可通过其作为其他有价值物种（大型食鱼，海鸟和海洋哺乳动物）的猎物而产生收益。以前对饲草鱼渔业的生态系统后果的评估使用的模型具有粗略的草料鱼及其捕食者分类学分辨率。在这里，我们使用分类学上详细的食物网模型和广义均衡模型，量化了饲草鱼渔业和捕食者渔业之间，以及饲草鱼渔业和加州当前保护性物种之间的权衡。我们基于食物网模型参数化的不确定性和广义均衡模型中捕食者与猎物功能关系的不确定性，将取舍的不确定性传播到觅食鱼捕捞中。该模型预测了从沙丁鱼（Sardinops sagax），an鱼（Engraulis mordax），鲱鱼（Clupea pallasii）或混养饲料中获得的较高营养水平的渔业[主要是鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus sp。）和大比目鱼（Paralichthys californicus）]的产量损失。捕捞鱼类，但掠食者损失的经济收入从未超过额外的饲草捕捞所带来的经济利益。预测的海鸟和海洋哺乳动物生物量的减少量足够大，以至于根据这些非市场物种的价值，对非市场掠食者的考虑可以使权衡的平衡朝着饲用鱼类的保护和远离收获的方向发展。这项工作重点介绍了可能对特定饲料鱼敏感的特定捕食者[褐鹈鹕（Pelecanus occidentalis），大理石marble鱼（Brachyramphus marmoratus），其他多种海鸟，海狮（Zalophus californianus和Eumetopias jubatus），鲸鱼（Mysticeti）。加州潮流。

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