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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Feeding strategy of mackerel in the Norwegian Sea relative to currents, temperature, and prey
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Feeding strategy of mackerel in the Norwegian Sea relative to currents, temperature, and prey

机译：相对于洋流，温度和猎物，挪威海鲭鱼的摄食策略

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摘要

High abundance of Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.), combined with limited food resources, may now force mackerel to enter new and productive regions in the northern Norwegian Sea. However, it is not known how mackerel exploit the spatially varying feeding resources, and their vertical distribution and swimming behaviour are also largely unknown. During an ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea during the summer feeding season, swimming direction, and speed of mackerel schools were recorded with high-frequency omnidirectional sonar in four different regions relative to currents, ambient temperature, and zooplankton. A total of 251 schools were tracked, and fish and zooplankton were sampled with pelagic trawl and WP-2 plankton net. Except for the southwest region, swimming direction of the tracked schools coincided with the prevailing northerly Atlantic current direction in the Norwegian Sea. Swimming with the current saves energy, and the current also provides a directional cue towards the most productive areas in the northern Norwegian Sea. Average mean swimming speed in all regions combined was similar to 3.8 body lengths s(-1). However, fish did not swim in a straight course, but often changed direction, suggesting active feeding in the near field. Fish were largest and swimming speed lowest in the northwest region which had the highest plankton concentrations and lowest temperature. Mackerel swam close to the surface at a depth of 8-39 m, with all schools staying above the thermocline in waters of at least 6 degrees C. In surface waters, mackerel encounter improved foraging rate and swimming performance. Going with the flow until temperature is too low, based on an expectation of increasing foraging rate towards the north while utilizing available prey under way, could be a simple and robust feeding strategy for mackerel in the Norwegian Sea.
机译：东北大西洋鲭鱼（Scomber scombrus L.）数量众多，加上有限的粮食资源，现在可能迫使鲭鱼进入挪威北部北部新的高产地区。然而，不知道鲭鱼如何利用空间变化的饲料资源，其垂直分布和游动行为在很大程度上也是未知的。在夏季进食季节期间在挪威海进行的一次生态系统调查中，记录了相对于海流，环境温度和浮游动物而言在四个不同区域中使用高频全向声纳记录的游泳方向和鲭鱼群的速度。总共对251所学校进行了追踪，并使用浮游拖网和WP-2浮游生物网对鱼类和浮游动物进行了采样。除西南地区外，受追踪学校的游泳方向与挪威海中盛行的北大西洋海流方向重合。用洋流游泳可以节省能量，并且洋流还为挪威北部海域生产力最高的地区提供了方向提示。所有区域组合的平均平均游泳速度类似于3.8体长s（-1）。但是，鱼没有以直线运动，而是经常改变方向，这表明在近场进行主动喂食。在浮游生物浓度最高，温度最低的西北地区，鱼类最大，游泳速度最低。鲭鱼在8-39 m的深度靠近地面游泳，所有学校都在至少6摄氏度的水域中停留在热跃层之上。在地表水中，鲭鱼的觅食率和游泳性能得到改善。基于对北方觅食率的增加并利用正在利用的猎物的期望，随着温度的升高，顺流而下，可能是挪威海鲭鱼的一种简单而强大的觅食策略。

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