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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >The economic and social impacts of environmental change on fishing towns and coastal communities: a historical case study of Geraldton, Western Australia
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The economic and social impacts of environmental change on fishing towns and coastal communities: a historical case study of Geraldton, Western Australia

机译：环境变化对渔镇和沿海社区的经济和社会影响：西澳大利亚州杰拉尔顿的历史案例研究

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摘要

For decades, many Australian coastal communities have been changing, in varying degrees, from traditional "fishing towns" to "mining", "tourism", or "retirement" towns. However, environmental changes, such as climate change, have increased the vulnerability of these communities and their capacity to continue to successfully adapt is unknown. A framework for the assessment of socio-ecological vulnerability is used to provide information on the response to change in Geraldton, Western Australia. Geraldton has traditionally been a port and fishing town and has recently become a hub for the expanding mining industry. An innovative historical assessment of adaptive capacity using sustainable livelihoods analysis with indicators of social, economic, human, financial, physical, and natural capital is used to calculate socio-ecological vulnerability over time. The framework integrates adaptive capacity with environmental change, resource dependence, and the socio-economic importance of the fished species during four census years: 1921, 1954, 1981, and 2011. The earlier years are characterized by high adaptive capacity and low socio-ecological vulnerability in keeping with strong economic growth and low unemployment rates following the First and Second World Wars. The years 1981 and 2011 showed markedly higher socio-ecological vulnerability and lower adaptive capacities. This result was due to progressively greater exposure to climate change and the high socio-economic importance of fished species, as well as relatively poor physical, social, and natural capital. With continuing environmental and economic change, the fishing industry and the broader Geraldton population is likely to become increasingly vulnerable. Proactive rather than passive adaptation may speed the recovery and reduce a decline in the fishing industry and local economies. The paper briefly discusses potential adaptation in Geraldton which may be useful as a guideline for other coastal communities.
机译：几十年来，许多澳大利亚沿海社区都在不同程度上从传统的“捕鱼小镇”变为“采矿”，“旅游”或“退休”小镇。但是，诸如气候变化之类的环境变化增加了这些社区的脆弱性，其继续成功适应的能力尚不得而知。用于评估社会生态脆弱性的框架用于提供有关西澳大利亚州杰拉尔顿市对变化的反应的信息。杰拉尔顿（Geraldton）历来是港口和渔业小镇，最近已成为采矿业发展的枢纽。利用可持续生计分析以及社会，经济，人力，财力，物力和自然资本指标对适应能力进行的创新性历史评估可用于计算一段时间内的社会生态脆弱性。该框架将适应能力与环境变化，资源依赖关系以及四个普查年（1921、1954、1981和2011年）中鱼类物种的社会经济重要性相结合。前几年的特点是适应能力高且社会生态低第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战后保持强劲的经济增长和低失业率的脆弱性。 1981年和2011年显示出明显的社会生态脆弱性和较低的适应能力。其结果是由于越来越多地暴露于气候变化，以及鱼类物种在社会经济中具有很高的重要性，以及相对较差的物质，社会和自然资本。随着环境和经济的不断变化，捕鱼业和更多的杰拉尔顿人口可能变得越来越脆弱。主动而不是被动的适应可以加快恢复速度，并减少渔业和当地经济的衰退。本文简要讨论了杰拉尔顿（Geraldton）的潜在适应性，可能对其他沿海社区有帮助。

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