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Marine conservation of multispecies and multi-use areas with various conservation objectives and targets

机译：具有各种保护目标和指标的多物种和多用途地区的海洋保护

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摘要

Marine spatial management is an important step in regulating the sustainable use of marine resources and preserving habitats and species. The systematic conservation planning software "Marxan" was used to analyse the effect of different conservation objectives and targets on the design of a network of marine protected areas around two islands of the Azores archipelago, Northeast Atlantic. The analyses integrated spatial patterns of the abundance and reproductive potential of multispecies, the vulnerability of fish to fishing, habitat type, algae biotopes, and socio-economic costs and benefits (including fishing effort and recreational activities). Three scenarios focused on fisheries-related objectives ("fisheries scenarios", FSs) and three on multiple-use and biodiversity conservation objectives ("biodiversity scenarios", BSs), respectively. Three different protection targets were compared for each set, the existing, minimum, and maximum levels of protection, whereas conservation features were weighted according to their biologically/ecologically functioning. Results provided contrasting solutions for site selection and identified potential gaps in the existing design. The influence of the conservation objective on site selection was most evident when minimum target levels were applied. Otherwise, solutions for FSs and BSs were very similar and mostly shaped by the protection level. More important, BSs that considered opportunity cost and benefits achieved conservation targets more cost-efficiently. The presented systematic approach ensures that targets for habitats with high fish abundance, fecundity, and vulnerability are achieved efficiently. It should be of high applicability for adaptive management processes to improve the effectiveness of existing spatial management practices, in particular when fishing and leisure activities coexist, and suggest that decision-makers should account for multiple users' costs and benefits when designing and implementing marine reserve networks.
机译：海洋空间管理是规范海洋资源可持续利用和保护生境和物种的重要一步。系统的保护规划软件“ Marxan”用于分析不同保护目的和目标对东北大西洋亚速尔群岛两个岛屿周围海洋保护区网络设计的影响。这些分析综合了多种物种的丰度和繁殖潜力，鱼类对渔业的脆弱性，栖息地类型，藻类生物群落以及社会经济成本和收益（包括捕捞努力和娱乐活动）的空间格局。三种方案分别针对与渔业有关的目标（“渔业方案”，FS），三种方案针对多用途和生物多样性保护目标（“生物多样性方案”，BS）。比较了每组的三个不同的保护目标，现有的保护水平，最小和最大保护水平，而保护功能则根据其生物学/生态功能进行加权。结果提供了针对场地选择的对比解决方案，并确定了现有设计中的潜在差距。当采用最低目标水平时，保护目标对选址的影响最为明显。否则，针对FS和BS的解决方案非常相似，并且主要取决于保护级别。更重要的是，考虑机会成本和收益的BS可以更经济高效地实现保护目标。提出的系统方法可确保有效实现鱼类丰度，繁殖力和脆弱性较高的栖息地的目标。适应性管理流程应具有较高的适用性，以提高现有空间管理实践的有效性，尤其是在钓鱼和休闲活动共存时，并建议决策者在设计和实施海洋保护区时应考虑多个使用者的成本和收益网络。

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  • 来源
    《ICES Journal of Marine Science》 |2015年第3期|851-862|共12页
  • 作者

    Mara Schmiing; Hugo Diogo; Ricardo Serrao Santos; Pedro Afonso;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Centre of IMAR, University of the Azores, LARSyS, Rua Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta (Azores), Portugal;

    Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Centre of IMAR, University of the Azores, LARSyS, Rua Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta (Azores), Portugal;

    Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Centre of IMAR, University of the Azores, LARSyS, Rua Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta (Azores), Portugal;

    Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Centre of IMAR, University of the Azores, LARSyS, Rua Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta (Azores), Portugal;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    biodiversity surrogates; fisheries management; marine spatial management; Marxan; socio-economic data; systematic conservation planning;

    机译：生物多样性替代;渔业管理;海洋空间管理;马克思社会经济数据;系统的保护规划;

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