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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Evaluating the efficacy of salmon bycatch measures using fishery-dependent data
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Evaluating the efficacy of salmon bycatch measures using fishery-dependent data

机译：使用依赖于渔业的数据评估鲑鱼兼捕措施的功效

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The walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) fishery in the Bering Sea is one of the largest fisheries in the world. The North Pacific Fishery Management Council (NPFMC) provides management advice for this fishery, including the development of measures to minimize salmon bycatch to the extent practicable, one of the stated objectives of the US Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act National Standard Guidelines. Salmon have a unique cultural and nutritional importance in the State of Alaska and are the subject of fully allocated mixed commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stocks in Alaska have been declining for the last decade, and all sources of mortality are being considered to help in rebuilding stocks. Given the extensive scientific National Marine Fisheries Service observer data collection programme, the NPFMC has developed bycatch management measures that place limits by fishery sector on the allowable catch of Chinook salmon. Part of this programme includes industry-proposed incentive programmes designed to encourage lower bycatch. Evaluating the efficacy of the new measures poses a number of challenges, particularly in light of changing ocean conditions (perhaps affecting the degree of overlap between pollock and salmon). In this study, data on pre- and post-programme implementation were evaluated to determine if the programme is meeting stated goals and objectives or if modifications are needed. These evaluations included consideration of fleet-level bycatch numbers and rates, seasonality of bycatch by sector, and individual vessel bycatch rates. Results suggest that revised management regulations appear to have resulted in reduced bycatch of salmon overall. Also, lower bycatch rates seem to reflect changing behaviour in response to new management measures. However, the extent to which the programme is effective at the vessel level remains difficult to ascertain without explicit vessel-specific benchmarks developed for evaluating programme efficacy.
机译：白令海的角膜白poll（Gadus chalcogrammus）渔业是世界上最大的渔业之一。北太平洋渔业管理委员会（NPFMC）为此渔业提供管理建议，包括制定措施以在可行的范围内尽量减少鲑鱼副渔获物，这是《美国Magnuson-Stevens渔业保护和管理法国家标准指南》的既定目标之一。鲑鱼在阿拉斯加州具有独特的文化和营养重要性，并且是完全分配的商业，休闲和自给渔业的主体。过去十年来，阿拉斯加的奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）种群一直在减少，并且考虑到所有死亡原因都有助于重建种群。考虑到广泛的科学的国家海洋渔业服务观察员数据收集计划，NPPFC已制定了兼捕管理措施，将渔业部门对奇努克鲑鱼允许捕捞的限制。该计划的一部分包括行业建议的鼓励计划，旨在鼓励降低副渔获物。评估新措施的有效性带来了许多挑战，特别是考虑到海洋条件的变化（可能影响狭鳕和鲑鱼之间的重叠程度）。在这项研究中，对计划实施前后的数据进行了评估，以确定该计划是否达到了既定的目的和目标，或者是否需要进行修改。这些评估包括船队级别兼捕数量和比率，按行业划分的兼捕季节性和单个船舶兼捕率的考虑。结果表明，修订后的管理法规似乎减少了鲑鱼的总体副渔获物。另外，较低的兼捕率似乎反映了针对新管理措施的行为变化。但是，如果没有制定明确的特定于船舶的基准来评估程序效力，则很难确定该程序在船只水平上的有效程度。

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