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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >No more detectable fishing effect on Northern Gulf of St Lawrence benthic invertebrates
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No more detectable fishing effect on Northern Gulf of St Lawrence benthic invertebrates

机译：对圣劳伦斯湾底栖无脊椎动物的捕捞作用不再可检测

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摘要

Trawling has been reported worldwide to alter seabed structure, and thus benthic habitats and ecosystems. Usually, a decrease in species richness and biomass is observed, and community structure is modified towards more opportunistic species. The Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) has been intensely exploited since the 17th century, including net, longline, dredge and trawl fishing activities. Recently, the collapse of groundfish stocks induced a shift in fishing practices toward shrimp trawling, which is currently considered a sustainable fishing activity in the region. However, no long-term study has evaluated the potential effects of trawling disturbances on benthic mega-invertebrates. We investigated whether shrimp trawling had long- (ca. 20 years), mid- (ca. 10 years), and short-term (ca. 4 years) impacts on benthic mega-invertebrate taxa richness, biomass, and community structure. Scientific and fishery trawling data analyses showed that no significant long-, mid-, or short-term effect was detected on taxa richness. Significant but weak effects on biomass and community structure were detected at the mesoscale, i.e. at the scale of fishing grounds. In this long-exploited ecosystem, we suggest that a critical level of disturbance was attained by the first gear passages, which occurred decades ago and had irreversible impacts on the seabed by removing vulnerable taxa and structures that provided three-dimensional habitats. It is likely that benthic communities have subsequently reached a disturbed state of equilibrium on which current trawling disturbance has limited or no further impacts.
机译：据报道，拖网改变了海底结构，进而改变了底栖生境和生态系统。通常，人们会观察到物种丰富度和生物量的下降，并且群落结构朝着机会主义物种的方向发展。自17世纪以来，圣劳伦斯湾（加拿大）已被大量开发，包括网，延绳钓，挖泥船和拖网捕鱼活动。最近，底层鱼类种群的崩溃导致捕捞方式转向拖网虾，目前被认为是该区域可持续的捕捞活动。但是，没有长期研究评估拖网扰动对底栖大型无脊椎动物的潜在影响。我们调查了对虾拖网是否对底栖大型无脊椎动物类群丰富度，生物量和群落结构有长期（约20年），中期（约10年）和短期（约4年）的影响。科学和渔业拖网数据分析表明，未发现对分类单元丰富度有明显的长期，中期或短期影响。在中尺度，即在渔场尺度上，对生物量和群落结构的影响显着但微弱。在这个长期开发的生态系统中，我们建议通过第一档通道达到临界水平，该通道发生于几十年前，并且通过去除脆弱的分类单元和提供三维生境的结构对海床产生了不可逆转的影响。底栖生物很可能随后达到了扰动的平衡状态，目前的拖网扰动对其影响有限或没有进一步的影响。

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