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Sustaining the world's large marine ecosystems

机译：维持世界大型海洋生态系统

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In this essay, I review nearly six decades of a career in marine science and fisheries considering scientific contributions, successes, failures, and changes in my field of practice. My body of work has been in plankton research to support fisheries assessments, and in ecosystems programme development and implementation. I describe my early studies on Pacific plankton oceanography in relation to fisheries assessment, and subsequent studies of plankton oceanography and fisheries in relation to coastal ocean fisheries and management. Early in my career, realizing that applications of my published results and those of other fisheries ecologists were generally not included in fish stock assessments, I participated in a national planning group that introduced a system for marine resources monitoring, assessment, and prediction (MARMAP) that included primary productivity, ichthyoplankton, zooplankton, and oceanographic assessments as important components for large-scale fisheries ecology assessment. I joined with European colleagues in ICES to advance fisheries ecology studies in fish stock assessments in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1983, I conceived with Professor Lewis Alexander of the University of Rhode Island a system for assessing and managing marine resources within the spatial domain of ecologically delineated large marine ecosystems (LMEs). On behalf of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and in partnership with developing countries, international financial organizations, UN agencies, and NGOs, I am currently contributing scientific and technical advice to a global network of assessment and management projects in 22 LMEs with 110 developing countries and $3.1 billion in financial support. The participating countries are applying a modular framework of natural science and social science indicators for assessing the changing states of LMEs. I conclude the essay with a retrospective viewpoint on my career and changes over half a century of practicing the application of marine science in relation to sustaining the goods and services of the ocean Commons.
机译：在本文中，我回顾了近六十年的海洋科学和渔业职业生涯，同时考虑了我的专业领域的科学贡献，成功，失败和变化。我的工作是从事浮游生物研究以支持渔业评估以及生态系统计划的制定和实施。我描述了我与渔业评估有关的太平洋浮游生物海洋学的早期研究，以及与沿海海洋渔业和管理有关的浮游生物海洋学和渔业的后续研究。在我职业生涯的早期，意识到鱼群评估通常不包括我发表的成果和其他渔业生态学家的成果，因此我参加了一个国家计划小组，该小组介绍了海洋资源监测，评估和预测系统（MARMAP）其中包括初级生产力，浮游鱼类，浮游动物和海洋学评估，这是大规模渔业生态评估的重要组成部分。我与欧洲同事一起在ICES中进行研究，以促进1970年代和1980年代鱼类种群评估中的渔业生态学研究。 1983年，我与罗德岛大学（University of Rhode Island）的刘易斯·亚历山大（Lewis Alexander）教授一起构思了一个系统，用于在生态圈定的大型海洋生态系统（LME）的空间域内评估和管理海洋资源。我目前代表国家海洋和大气管理局，并与发展中国家，国际金融组织，联合国机构和非政府组织合作，为22个LME的全球评估和管理项目网络提供科学和技术建议，其中110个处于发展中国家和31亿美元的财政支持。参与国正在采用自然科学和社会科学指标的模块化框架来评估LME的变化状态。最后，我以回顾性观点总结了我的职业生涯，并在半个多世纪的实践过程中改变了实践海洋科学与维持海洋公共物品和服务有关的应用。

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