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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >American lobster nurseries of southern New England receding in the face of climate change
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American lobster nurseries of southern New England receding in the face of climate change

机译：面对气候变化，新英格兰南部的美国龙虾苗圃逐渐消退

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Historically, southern New England has supported one of the most productive American lobster (Homarus americanus) fisheries of the northeast United States. Recently, the region has seen dramatic declines in lobster populations coincident with a trend of increasingly stressful summer warmth and shell disease. We report significant declines in the abundance, distribution, and size composition of juvenile lobsters that have accompanied the warming trend in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, since the first comprehensive survey of lobster nurseries conducted there in 1990. We used diver-based visual surveys and suction sampling in 1990, 2011, and 2012, supplemented by post-larval collectors in 2011 and 2012. In 1990, lobster nurseries extended from the outer coast into the mid-sections of the bay, but by 2011 and 2012 they were largely restricted to the outer coast and deeper water at the mouth of the bay. Among five new study sites selected by the lobster fishing industry for the 2011 and 2012 surveys, the deepest site on the outer coast (15-17 m depth) harboured some of the highest lobster densities in the survey. Separate fixed site hydrographic monitoring at 13 locations in the bay by the Rhode Island Division of Fish and Wildlife recorded an approximately 2.0 degrees C increase in summer surface temperatures over the period, with 2012 being the warmest on record. Additional monitoring of bottom temperatures, dissolved oxygen and pH at our sampling sites in 2011 and 2012 indicated conditions falling below physiological optima for lobsters during summer. The invasion of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, since the 1990s may also be contributing to declines of juvenile lobster shallow zones (<5 m) in this region. Because lobster populations appear increasingly restricted to deeper and outer coastal waters of southern New England, further monitoring of settlement and nursery habitat in deep water is warranted.
机译：从历史上看，新英格兰南部一直是美国东北部生产力最高的美国龙虾渔业之一。最近，该地区龙虾数量急剧下降，同时伴随着夏季温暖和贝壳病日益加剧的趋势。自1990年在罗德岛纳拉甘西特湾进行的首次全面调查以来，我们报告了伴随着变暖趋势的少年龙虾的丰度，分布和大小组成的显着下降。我们使用了基于潜水员的视觉调查， 1990年，2011年和2012年进行了抽水采样，2011年和2012年又由幼体后收集器进行了补充。1990年，龙虾苗圃从外海岸延伸到海湾中段，但到2011年和2012年，它们主要局限于外海岸和海湾入口处的深水。在龙虾捕捞业为2011年和2012年调查选择的五个新研究地点中，外海岸最深的地点（深度15-17 m）藏有该调查中最高的龙虾密度。罗德岛鱼类与野生动物处对海湾的13个地点进行了单独的固定地点水文监测，发现该期间夏季地表温度上升了约2.0摄氏度，2012年是有记录以来最热的季节。在2011年和2012年，我们对采样点的底部温度，溶解氧和pH值进行了额外的监测，结果表明夏季的状况低于龙虾的生理最佳水平。自1990年代以来，亚洲沿岸螃蟹Hemigrapsus sanguineus的入侵也可能导致该区域少年龙虾浅海区（<5 m）的下降。由于龙虾种群越来越多地局限于新英格兰南部的更深和更深的沿海水域，因此有必要进一步监测深水区的定居点和苗圃栖息地。

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