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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Lessons learned from developing integrated ecosystem assessments to inform marine ecosystem-based management in the USA
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Lessons learned from developing integrated ecosystem assessments to inform marine ecosystem-based management in the USA

机译：从开发综合生态系统评估中学到的经验教训，为美国基于海洋生态系统的管理提供信息

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摘要

Borne out of a collective movement towards ecosystem-based management (EBM), multispecies and multi-sector scientific assessments of the ocean are emerging around the world. In the USA, integrated ecosystem assessments (lEAs) were formally defined 5 years ago to serve as a scientific foundation for marine EBM. As outlined by the US National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration in 2008, an IEA is a cyclical process consisting of setting goals and targets, defining indicators, analysing status, trends, and risk, and evaluating alternative potential future management and environmental scenarios to enhance information needed for effective EBM. These steps should be hierarchical, iterative, non-prescriptive about technical implementation, and adaptable to existing information for any ecosystem. Despite these strengths and some initial successes, lEAs and EBM have yet to be fully realized in the USA. We propose eight tenets that can be adopted by scientists, policy-makers, and managers to enhance the use of lEAs in implementing EBM. These tenets include (ⅰ) engage with stakeholders, managers, and policy-makers early, often, and continually; (ⅱ) conduct rigorous human dimensions research; (ⅲ) recognize the importance of transparently selecting indicators; (ⅳ) set ecosystem targets to create a system of EBM accountability; (ⅴ) establish a formal mechanism(s) for the review of IEA science; (ⅵ) serve current management needs, but not at the expense of more integrative ocean management; (ⅶ) provide a venue for EBM decision-making that takes full advantage of IEA products; and (ⅷ) embrace realistic expectations about IEA science and its implementation. These tenets are framed in a way that builds on domestic and international experiences with ocean management. With patience, persistence, political will, funding, and augmented capacity, lEAs will provide a general approach for allowing progressive science to lead conventional ocean management to new waters.
机译：源于向基于生态系统的管理（EBM）的集体运动，世界范围内对海洋的多物种和多部门科学评估正在兴起。在美国，五年前正式定义了综合生态系统评估（lEA），以作为海洋EBM的科学基础。正如美国国家海洋大气管理局在2008年所概述的那样，IEA是一个周期性过程，包括设定目标和指标，定义指标，分析状态，趋势和风险，以及评估其他潜在的未来管理和环境方案，以增强所需的信息。有效的EBM。这些步骤应该是分层的，迭代的，关于技术实施的非规范性的，并且应适用于任何生态系统的现有信息。尽管有这些优势并取得了一些初步的成功，但lEA和EBM尚未在美国完全实现。我们提出了八个原则，科学家，政策制定者和管理人员可以采用这八个原则，以增强在实施EBM中使用lEA的方法。这些原则包括：（ⅰ）尽早，经常和持续地与利益相关者，经理和决策者互动； （ⅱ）进行严格的人文维度研究； （ⅲ）认识到透明选择指标的重要性； （ⅳ）设定生态系统目标，以建立循证医学问责制； （ⅴ）建立审查IEA科学的正式机制； （ⅵ）满足当前的管理需求，但不以更全面的海洋管理为代价； （ⅶ）提供充分利用IEA产品的EBM决策场所； （ⅷ）对IEA科学及其实施抱有现实期望。这些原则的框架是建立在国内外海洋管理经验的基础上的。借助耐心，毅力，政治意愿，资金和增强的能力，国际原子能机构将为允许先进科学将常规海洋管理引向新水域提供一种通用方法。

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  • 来源
    《ICES Journal of Marine Science》 |2014年第5期|1205-1215|共11页
  • 作者

    Jameal F. Samhouri; Alison J. Haupt; Phillip S. Levin; Jason S. Link; Rebecca Shuford;

  • 作者单位

    Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA;

    West Coast Governors Alliance, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA;

    Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA;

    National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 766 Water St., Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;

    Marine Ecosystems Division, Office of Science and Technology, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring MD 20970, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    ecosystem-based management; indicator; integrated ecosystem assessment; marine policy; risk; sustainable marine management and conservation;

    机译：基于生态系统的管理;指示符;生态系统综合评估;海洋政策;风险;可持续的海洋管理和保护;

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