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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >An ecosystem approach for the assessment of fisheries impacts on marine top predators: the Bay of Biscay case study
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An ecosystem approach for the assessment of fisheries impacts on marine top predators: the Bay of Biscay case study

机译：评估渔业对海洋顶级捕食者影响的生态系统方法：比斯开湾案例研究

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摘要

A number of marine mammal populations is currently threatened by their interactions with fisheries. The present study aimed to provide insights into the severity of potential impacts of operational and biological interactions between top predators and fisheries, in the Bay of Biscay region. Our approach was to modify an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model describing the overall structure and function of the ecosystem by including landings and discards of exploited stocks and estimations of the bycatch of non-target compartments. Second, a set of ecological indices and a trophic level (TL)-based model (EcoTroph, ET) were derived from the EwE model. ET was used to simulate the effects of increasing fishing pressure on the ecosystem and, more particularly, on top predators. The Bay of Biscay was demonstrated to be not far from overexploitation at the current fishing rate, this phenomenon being particularly noticeable for the highest TLs. Within the toothed cetacean community, bottlenose dolphins appeared the most sensitive to resource depletion, whereas common dolphins and harbour porpoises were most impacted by their incidental captures in fishing gears. This study provides a methodological framework to assess the impacts of fisheries on ecosystems for which EwE, or other ecosystem models, already exist.
机译：目前，许多海洋哺乳动物种群受到与渔业相互作用的威胁。本研究旨在为比斯开湾地区顶级捕食者与渔业之间的业务和生物相互作用潜在影响的严重性提供深刻见解。我们的方法是通过包含被开采种群的着陆和丢弃以及对非目标舱室的兼捕量的估计，来修改描述Ecosystem的Ecopath（EwE）模型，从而描述生态系统的整体结构和功能。其次，从EwE模型中导出了一套生态指数和一个基于营养层（TL）的模型（EcoTroph，ET）。 ET被用来模拟增加捕捞压力对生态系统，尤其是对顶级掠食者的影响。事实证明，在目前的捕鱼率下，比斯开湾距离过度开发不远，对于最高TL来说，这种现象尤为明显。在带齿的鲸类群落中，宽吻海豚似乎对资源枯竭最敏感，而普通海豚和海豚则受到它们在渔具中偶然捕获的影响最大。这项研究提供了一种方法框架，以评估渔业对生态系统的影响，而生态系统或其他生态系统模型已经存在。

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  • 来源
    《ICES Journal of Marine Science》 |2012年第6期|p.925-938|共14页
  • 作者

    Geraldine Lassalle; Didier Gascuel; Francois Le Loch; Jeremy Lobry; Graham John Pierce; Vincent Ridoux; Maria Begona Santos; Jerome Spitz; Nathalie Niquil;

  • 作者单位

    Littoral Environnement et Sodetes, UMR 1266 CNRS-Universite de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle Cedex 17042, France;

    Agrocampus Quest, Pole halieutique / Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Center, Universite europeenne de Bretagne, UMR ecologie et sante des ecosystemes, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, CS 84215, Rennes Cedex 35042, France;

    IRD, UMR 212 Ecosystemes Marins Exploites, IRD-IFREMER-Universite Montpellier 2, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, Sete Cedex 34203, France;

    lrstea, Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture, UR EPBX, 50 avenue de Verdun, Cestas Cedex 33612, France;

    School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen A825 271, UK;

    Littoral Environnement et Sodetes, UMR 1266 CNRS-Universite de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle Cedex 17042, France,Centre de Recherche sur les Mammiferes Marins, UMS 3419 CNRS-Universite de La Rochelle, La Rochelle 17071, France;

    Centro Oceanografico de Vigo, Instituto Espahol de Oceanografia, PO Box 1552, Vigo 36200, Spain;

    Littoral Environnement et Sodetes, UMR 1266 CNRS-Universite de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle Cedex 17042, France;

    Littoral Environnement et Sodetes, UMR 1266 CNRS-Universite de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle Cedex 17042, France;

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  • 关键词

    ecopath; ecosystem modelling; ecotroph; fisheries impacts; marine mammals; trophic level.;

    机译：生态路径生态系统建模;生态营养渔业影响;海洋哺乳动物;营养级。;

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