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High-frequency acoustics and bio-optics in ecosystems research

机译:生态系统研究中的高频声学和生物光学

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The propagation of light and sound in the ocean's interior is modified by the presence of phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, gas bubbles, and dissolved and suspended material. Information is encoded in the levels and spectral characteristics of acoustic and optical scattering and absorption. Using acoustics and optics allows us to study the distribution of marine life and learn about ecosystem-relevant processes. Two studies are highlighted. In the first, multifrequency, upward-looking echosounders deployed near autonomous, bio-optical profilers were used to track vertical migration and the formation and size structure of <1 m thick, zooplankton layers in relation to the biomass and size structure of thin phytoplankton layers. In the second, a multifrequency sonar was used to track the temporal (seasonal) evolution of zooplankton biomass and size structure in the Bering Sea at intervals of 20 min. This paper focuses on how advanced technologies are being used to observe processes, distributions, and behaviour of marine life that have, until now, been hidden, as it were, from biological oceanographers.
机译:浮游植物,浮游动物,鱼类,气泡以及溶解和悬浮物质的存在改变了海洋内部光和声的传播。信息以声,光散射和吸收的水平和频谱特征进行编码。利用声学和光学技术,我们可以研究海洋生物的分布并了解与生态系统有关的过程。突出了两项研究。在第一个中,部署在自治的生物光学剖面仪附近的多频,向上看的超声探空仪用于跟踪垂直迁移以及与浮游植物薄层的生物量和大小结构有关的厚度小于1 m的浮游动物层的形成和大小结构。第二,使用多频声纳以20分钟的间隔跟踪白令海浮游动物生物量的时间(季节)演变和大小结构。本文着重介绍如何使用先进技术来观察海洋生物的过程,分布和行为,直到现在,这些技术对生物学海洋学家来说都是隐藏的。

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