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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Ballast water risk assessment: principles, processes, and methods
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Ballast water risk assessment: principles, processes, and methods

机译：压载水风险评估：原则，过程和方法

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摘要

Two methods of assessing the risk of species introduction by ballast water are discussed, species-specific and environmental similarity assessments, each for alignment with four proposed principles of risk-based resource management: (ⅰ) society accepts that low risk scenarios exist; (ⅱ) risk assessment is capable of identifying low risk scenarios; (ⅲ) risk mitigation strategies exist; and (ⅳ) mitigation costs are less than the cost of performing risk assessment. All four principles were met in some circumstances for both methods. Species-specific ballast water risk assessment is best suited to situations where the assessment can be restricted to a limited set of harmful species on journeys within bioregions where ballast water is a small component of natural genetic exchange. Environmental similarity risk assessment is appropriate for journeys that start and end in locations which have very little or no natural genetic exchange, such as journeys between non-contiguous bioregions. Because a large number of species are not assessed individually, environmental match assessments necessarily will be restricted to fundamental variables such as temperature and salinity. A number of bioregion classifications have been identified in the world's oceans, some of which at a scale that may be appropriate for ballast water management. The suitability of any particular classification, however, needs further examination.
机译：讨论了两种评估压载水引入物种的风险的方法，即针对物种的评估和针对环境的相似性评估，每种方法都与基于风险的资源管理的四项拟议原则保持一致：（ⅰ）社会接受存在低风险的情景； （ⅱ）风险评估能够确定低风险情况； （ⅲ）存在降低风险的策略； （ⅳ）缓解成本低于进行风险评估的成本。在某些情况下，两种方法都符合所有四个原则。特定于物种的压载水风险评估最适合这样的情况，即评估范围仅限于在压载水是自然遗传交换的一小部分的生物区域内旅行的有限种类的有害物种。环境相似性风险评估适用于在自然遗传交换很少或没有的地方开始和结束的旅程，例如非连续生物区域之间的旅程。由于没有单独评估大量物种，因此环境匹配评估必将仅限于基本变量，例如温度和盐度。在世界海洋中已经确定了许多生物区域分类，其中一些分类的规模可能适合压载水管理。但是，任何特定分类的适用性都需要进一步检查。

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