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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Status of New Zealand fresh-water eel stocks and management initiatives
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Status of New Zealand fresh-water eel stocks and management initiatives

机译：新西兰淡水鳗鱼存量状况和管理举措

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New Zealand has two main species of fresh-water eel, shortfin (Anguilla australis), which is shared with Southeast Australia, and the endemic longfin eel (A. dieffenbachii). Both species are subject to extensive commercial and customary fishing. The shortfin is the smaller and shorter lived, with typical generation times for females ranging from 15 to 30 years; generation times for longfin females are double this. The distribution and the abundance of both species have been compromised by habitat modifications, short-fins, the more lowland species, being affected by wetland loss, and longfins by weirs and dams. Although there are few concerns about the status of shortfins, there is increasing evidence of overexploitation of longfins, including reduced recruitment, reduction in catch rates, reduction in abundance and average size, and a regional reduction in the proportion of females. Eels are managed under the quota management system, although individual and regional quotas are set from catch histories because biological parameters are inadequate. Maori, New Zealand's indigenous people, have been allocated 20% of commercial quota, with additional quota set for customary take. The annual commercial catch of eels has halved over the past decade, and is now ～700-800 t, shortfins comprising 66% of catches. Recent management developments have included enhancement of upstream waters with juvenile eels, consolidation of processing into fewer but larger units, setting aside of additional reserve areas to increase escapement of silver eels, increased management involvement of Maori, and development of regional management strategies.
机译：新西兰有两种主要淡水鳗鱼，一种是与东南澳大利亚共享的短鳍鳗（Anguilla australis），另一种是特有的长鳍鳗（A. dieffenbachii）。这两个物种都受到广泛的商业和习惯捕鱼。短鳍生活的时间越来越短，女性的典型生育时间为15至30岁。长鳍雌性的繁殖时间是这个的两倍。栖息地的改变，短鳍，低地物种受到湿地流失的影响以及堰和水坝造成的长鳍都损害了这两个物种的分布和丰度。尽管对短鳍鱼的状况几乎没有担忧，但越来越多的证据表明对长鳍鱼的过度开发，包括招募人数减少，捕捞量减少，丰度和平均大小的减少以及女性比例的区域性下降。鳗鱼是在配额管理系统下管理的，尽管由于生物学参数不足而根据渔获量历史记录来设定个体和区域配额。新西兰的土著人毛利人已获得了20％的商业配额，并为惯常采取的配额增加了配额。在过去十年中，鳗鱼的年度商业捕捞量减少了一半，现在约为700-800吨，短鳍鱼占捕捞量的66％。最近的管理发展包括用幼鳗增强上游水域，将加工过程合并为数量减少但规模更大的单位，预留额外的储备区以增加白e的逃逸，增加毛利人的管理参与度以及制定区域管理战略。

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