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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >A modelling study of the influence of environment and food supply on survival of Crassostrea gigas larvae
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A modelling study of the influence of environment and food supply on survival of Crassostrea gigas larvae

机译：环境和食物供应对Crassostrea gigas幼虫存活的影响的模型研究

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A biochemically based model was developed to simulate the growth, development, and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). The unique characteristics of the model are that it: (1) defines larvae in terms of their protein, neutral lipid, polar lipid, carbohydrate, and ash content; (2) tracks weight separately from length to follow larval condition; and (3) includes genetic variation in growth efficiency and egg quality to better simulate cohort population dynamics. The model includes parameterizations for filtration, ingestion, and respiration, which determine larval growth rate, and processes controlling larval mortality and metamorphosis. Changes in larval tissue composition occur as the larva grows and in response to the biochemical composition of the food. Simulations of larval growth indicate that departures of temperature, salinity, or food content from optimum levels reduce larval cohort survival, either because of metabolic constraints that result in death, unsuccessful metamorphosis, or increased predation resulting from increased larval lifespan. Temperatures and salinities near optimal values improve larval survival at low food concentration by increasing ingestion rate or growth efficiency. Also, survival at a given food concentration can vary widely depending on food composition, which determines food quality. The simulations suggest that the ratio of carbohydrate + lipid-to-protein may best describe the overall food quality, with optimal food compositions being characterized by ratios near 1.2 to 1.4 over a range of food concentrations. In contrast, food compositions containing too much or too little protein reduce larval survival, even at saturating food concentrations. In simulations emphasizing genetic variability within the cohort, larvae with high growth efficiency originating from large eggs out-perform other egg quality―growth efficiency combinations over a wide range of temperature, salinity, and food contents. As a consequence, suboptimal temperature, salinity, or food content compresses genetic variation by uniformly favouring larvae from large eggs with a high growth efficiency. However, the larval survival obtained from simulations that use a range of food qualities is representative of a much broader range of genetic types. Thus, the simulations support the supposition that food quality is an important variable controlling the survival and genetic variability of C. gigas larval cohorts.
机译：建立了一个基于生物化学的模型来模拟太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）幼虫的生长，发育和变态。该模型的独特特征是：（1）根据其蛋白质，中性脂质，极性脂质，碳水化合物和灰分含量定义幼虫； （2）追踪体重与长度，以适应幼虫的状况； （3）包括生长效率和卵品质的遗传变异，以更好地模拟队列种群动态。该模型包括用于确定幼虫生长速率的过滤，摄入和呼吸的参数化，以及控制幼虫死亡率和变态的过程。随着幼虫的生长以及对食物生化成分的响应，幼虫组织组成发生变化。幼虫生长的模拟表明，温度，盐度或食物含量偏离最佳水平会降低幼虫的成活率，这可能是由于代谢限制导致死亡，不成功的变态或因幼虫寿命增加导致的捕食增加。温度和盐度接近最佳值，可以通过提高摄食率或生长效率来提高低食物浓度下的幼虫存活率。同样，在给定食物浓度下的存活率可能会因食物成分而异，这决定了食物的质量。模拟表明，碳水化合物+脂质与蛋白质的比率可能最好地描述了总体食品质量，最佳的食物成分的特征是在一系列食物浓度范围内的比率接近1.2至1.4。相反，即使在饱和食物浓度下，含有太多或太少蛋白质的食物组合物也会降低幼虫的存活率。在强调该群体内遗传变异性的模拟中，源自大卵的高生长效率幼虫在温度，盐度和食物含量范围内均优于其他卵质量-生长效率组合。结果，次优温度，盐度或食物含量通过以高生长效率一致地偏爱大卵中的幼虫而压缩了遗传变异。但是，从使用多种食品质量的模拟中获得的幼虫存活率代表了更广泛的遗传类型。因此，模拟结果支持以下假设：食品质量是控制长鳍C鱼幼虫队列的存活和遗传变异的重要变量。

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