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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Lagrangian modelling studies of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) swarm formation
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Lagrangian modelling studies of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) swarm formation

机译：拉格朗日建模研究南极磷虾（Euphausia superba）群的形成

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摘要

A two-dimensional Lagrangian particle model was developed to examine the spatial distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The time-dependent location of particles, which represent krill individuals, is determined by random diffusion, foraging activity, and movement induced by the presence of neighbours. Foraging activity is based on prescribed food conditions and is such that krill swim slower and turn more frequently in areas of high food concentration. The presence or absence of neighbours either disperses krill, if the local concentrations become too dense, or coalesces krill, if concentrations become too dilute, respectively. Predation on krill is included and affects swarm characteristics by removing individuals. Sensitivity studies indicate that the rate of krill swarm formation and the total number of swarms formed are determined primarily by foraging response and nearest neighbour sensing distance. Simulations using food distributions that are representative of those encountered at boundaries, such as fronts, mesoscale eddies, or the sea ice edge, show that foraging activity can produce rapid swarm formation. Results from other krill swarm models show that attraction between individuals is the primary mechanism producing krill swarms. However, the parameterizations for krill interactions used in those models and that used in this model differ, thereby implying different biological dynamics. Thus, parameterization of the basic interactions in krill swarm models remains to be defined.
机译：建立了二维拉格朗日粒子模型，以研究南极磷虾（Euphausia superba）的空间分布。代表磷虾个体的颗粒随时间变化的位置取决于随机扩散，觅食活动和邻居的存在所引起的运动。觅食活动是根据规定的食物条件进行的，因此磷虾在食物集中度较高的地方游动较慢，转弯频率更高。如果局部浓度太高，则邻居的有无驱散磷虾，或者如果浓度太稀，则聚结磷虾。磷虾的捕食包括在内，并通过移走个体来影响群的特征。敏感性研究表明，磷虾群的形成速度和形成的群总数主要由觅食响应和最近邻感应距离决定。使用代表在边界（例如前沿，中尺度涡流或海冰边缘）遇到的食物分布的模拟，表明觅食活动可以迅速形成群。其他磷虾群模型的结果表明，个体之间的吸引力是产生磷虾群的主要机制。但是，这些模型中使用的磷虾相互作用的参数设置与该模型中使用的参数不同，因此暗示了不同的生物动力学。因此，磷虾群模型中基本相互作用的参数化仍有待定义。

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