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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >The diet of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in southern Australian waters
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The diet of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in southern Australian waters

机译：澳大利亚南部水域的抹香鲸（Physeter macrocephalus）的饮食

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摘要

Stomach contents were collected from 36 sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) involved in two mass stranding events during February 1998 along the west coastline of Tasmania, Australia. Contents were dominated by oceanic cephalopods, with a total of 101 883 cephalopod beaks representing 48 species from 14 families of Teuthids, two species from two families of Octopods, and a single Vampyromorph species identified. Species diversity was higher in these animals than other sperm whales studied in the southern hemisphere, with samples containing an average of ( +- s.d.) 28.4 +- 11.1 species per sample. Diet samples were dominated by subtropical and muscular cephalopod species. Members of the family Histioteuthidae were the most important numerically, and were also important in terms of estimated reconstituted mass, although members of the Onychoteuthidae were the most dominant species in samples in terms of estimated reconstituted mass. Other families numerically important to species composition included the cranchiid, lepidoteuthid, onychoteuthid, and pholidoteuthid families, while the architeuthid, pholidoteuthid, and ommastrephid families were also important in terms of reconstituted mass. Cephalopod species composition varied with stranding site and with sex, but not with age. However, differences did not represent systemic variation with groups marked by high individual variability. Lower rostral lengths of all cephalopod species ranged from 1.3 to 40.7 mm. Calculated dorsal mantle lengths from all species ranged from 10.7 to 2640.7 mm (mean +- s.d. = 233.7 +- 215.7 mm) and estimated wet weights of cephalopod prey ranged from 2.7 to 110233.1 g (mean +- s.d. = 828.3 +- 3073.6 g). While there were differences in the size of some cephalopod species between stranding sites and with age, this was marked by high individual variability. Differences in diet composition and prey size between sperm whales reflect individual variability in foraging success and perhaps also foraging groups related to the social structure of this species.
机译：胃内容物是从1998年2月在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚岛西海岸线上发生的两次大规模搁浅事件的36条抹香鲸（Physeter macrocephalus）中收集的。内容物主要由海洋头足类动物组成，共有101 883个头足类动物喙，代表了来自14个Teuthids家族的48种，来自两个八足类动物的两个物种以及一个单一的Vampyromorph物种。这些动物的物种多样性高于在南半球研究的其他抹香鲸，每个样本平均包含（+-s.d.）28.4 +-11.1种。饮食样本以亚热带和头足类动物为主。尽管在估计的重组质量方面，甲虫科的成员是样品中最主要的物种，但在估计的重组质量方面，直纹科的成员也是最重要的。在数量上对物种组成重要的其他科还包括头足类，鳞翅类，甲足类和卵类科，而弓形科，卵类和杂类科在重构质量方面也很重要。头足类的组成随搁浅部位和性别而变化，但不随年龄变化。但是，差异并不代表具有高个体变异性的群体的系统变异。所有头足类动物的下喙头长度在1.3至40.7 mm之间。计算出的所有物种的背幔长度为10.7至2640.7 mm（平均值+-sd = 233.7 +-215.7 mm），头足类猎物的估计湿重范围为2.7至110233.1 g（平均值+-sd = 828.3 +-3073.6 g） 。尽管一些头足类物种的大小在搁浅位点之间以及随着年龄的增长而存在差异，但其特点是个体变异性高。抹香鲸之间饮食组成和猎物大小的差异反映了觅食成功的个体差异，也许也反映了与该物种社会结构有关的觅食群体。

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