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A trait-based approach to ocean ecology

机译:基于特征的海洋生态学方法

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摘要

Trait-based ecology merges evolutionary with classical population and community ecology and is a rapidly developing branch of ecology. It describes ecosystems as consisting of individuals rather than species, and characterizes individuals by few key traits that are interrelated through trade-offs. The fundamental rationale is that the spatio-temporal distribution of organisms and their functional role in ecosystems depend on their traits rather than on their taxonomical affiliation. The approach respects that interactions are between individuals, not between species or populations, and in trait-based models ecosystem structure emerges as a result of interactions between individuals and with the environments, rather than being prescribed. It offers an alternative to classical species-centric approaches and has the potential to describe complex ecosystems in simple ways and to assess the effects of environmental change on ecosystem structure and function. Here, we describe the components of the trait-based approach and apply it to describe and model marine ecosystems. Our description is illustrated with multiple examples of life in the ocean from unicellular plankton to fish.
机译:基于特质的生态学将进化论与经典种群和社区生态学融合在一起,是生态学的一个快速发展的分支。它描述了生态系统是由个人而不是物种组成的,并通过权衡相互联系的几个关键特征来表征个体。基本原理是,生物体的时空分布及其在生态系统中的功能取决于其特性,而不取决于其分类学隶属关系。该方法认为相互作用是个体之间的相互作用,而不是物种或种群之间的相互作用,并且在基于特征的模型中,生态系统结构的出现是由于个体之间以及与环境之间的相互作用,而不是被规定的。它提供了以经典物种为中心的方法的替代方法,并有可能以简单的方式描述复杂的生态系统,并评估环境变化对生态系统结构和功能的影响。在这里,我们描述了基于特征的方法的组成部分,并将其应用于描述和建模海洋生态系统。我们的描述以海洋中从单细胞浮游生物到鱼类的多个生命实例为例。

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