The future is now: marine aquaculture in the anthropocene

Pernet Fabrice; Browman Howard I.

摘要

Aquaculture now produces more seafood than wild capture fisheries and this production is expected to at least double by 2050. Representing almost half of global production, marine aquaculture will contribute to sustainably feeding the growing humanity. However, climate change will undoubtedly challenge the future growth of marine aquaculture. Temperature and sea-level rise, shifts in precipitation, freshening from glacier melt, changing ocean productivity, and circulation patterns, increasing occurrence of extreme climatic events, eutrophication, and ocean acidification are all stressors that will influence marine aquaculture. The objective of this themed article set was to bring together contributions on the broad theme of the potential impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies of marine aquaculture to climate change. Here we present 14 papers covering a diverse set of approaches including experimentation, modelling, meta-analysis and review, and disciplines like biology, ecology, economics, and engineering. These articles focus on the impacts of climate change-related stressors on the aquaculture potential itself and on the resulting ecological interactions (e.g. parasitism and predation), on phenotypic plasticity and adaptation potential of species, and on measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on aquaculture and vice versa. Considering this, adaptation of the aquaculture sector relies on anticipating the biogeographical changes in the distribution of species, determining their potential for adaptation and selective breeding for resistance or tolerance to climate-induced stressors, and fostering ecosystem resilience by means of conservation, restoration, or remediation. By will or by force, aquaculture will contribute to the low carbon economy of tomorrow. Aquaculture must move towards a new paradigm where the carbon footprint and the analysis of the life cycle of products are at least as important as economic profitability.

机译：水产养殖现已生产更多的海鲜，而不是野生捕获渔业，这一生产预计到2050年将至少加倍。代表近一半的全球生产，海洋水产养殖将有助于可持续地养育人类越来越多的人性。然而，气候变化无疑将挑战海洋水产养殖的未来增长。温度和海平面上升，降水的变化，从冰川融化清新，改变海洋生产力，以及循环模式，增加极端气候事件，富营养化的发生，海洋酸化是会影响海水养殖的所有压力源。该主题制品的目的是为海洋水产养殖潜在影响，适应和缓解策略的广泛主题提供贡献。在这里，我们提出了14个论文，涵盖了一种多样化的方法，包括实验，建模，元分析和审查，以及生物学，生态，经济学和工程等学科。这些文章重点关注气候变化相关的压力源对水产养殖潜力本身的影响以及由此产生的生态相互作用（例如寄生和捕食），对物种的表型可塑性和适应潜力以及减轻气候变化影响的措施水产养殖，反之亦然。考虑到这一点，水产养殖部门的适应依赖于预期物种分布的生物地图变化，确定其适应和选择性育种对气候引起的压力源的抗性或耐受性的潜力，并通过保护，恢复或培养生态系统的弹性修复。通过旨意或武力，水产养殖将有助于明天的低碳经济。水产养殖必须走向新的范式，其中碳足迹和对产品的生命周期的分析至少与经济盈利一样重要。

The future is now: marine aquaculture in the anthropocene

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