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cuBLASTP: Fine-Grained Parallelization of Protein Sequence Search on CPU+GPU

机译:cuBLASTP:CPU + GPU上蛋白质序列搜索的细粒度并行化

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摘要

BLAST, short for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, is a ubiquitous tool used in the life sciences for pairwise sequence search. However, with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), whether at the outset or downstream from NGS, the exponential growth of sequence databases is outstripping our ability to analyze the data. While recent studies have utilized the graphics processing unit (GPU) to speedup the BLAST algorithm for searching protein sequences (i.e., BLASTP), these studies use coarse-grained parallelism, where one sequence alignment is mapped to only one thread. Such an approach does not efficiently utilize the capabilities of a GPU, particularly due to the irregularity of BLASTP in both execution paths and memory-access patterns. To address the above shortcomings, we present a fine-grained approach to parallelize BLASTP, where each individual phase of sequence search is mapped to many threads on a GPU. This approach, which we refer to as cuBLASTP, reorders data-access patterns and reduces divergent branches of the most time-consuming phases (i.e., hit detection and ungapped extension). In addition, cuBLASTP optimizes the remaining phases (i.e., gapped extension and alignment with trace back) on a multicore CPU and overlaps their execution with the phases running on the GPU.
机译:BLAST是Basic Local Alignment Search Tool(基本局部比对搜索工具)的缩写,是生命科学中普遍使用的成对序列搜索工具。但是,随着下一代测序(NGS)的出现,无论是在一开始还是在NGS的下游,序列数据库的指数增长都超过了我们分析数据的能力。虽然最近的研究已经利用图形处理单元(GPU)加快了BLAST算法搜索蛋白质序列(即BLASTP)的速度,但这些研究使用的是粗粒度并行度,其中一个序列比对仅映射到一个线程。这种方法不能有效地利用GPU的功能,特别是由于执行路径和内存访问模式中BLASTP的不规则性。为了解决上述缺点,我们提出了一种细粒度的方法来并行化BLASTP,其中序列搜索的每个单独阶段都映射到GPU上的许多线程。我们将这种方法称为cuBLASTP,对数据访问模式进行重新排序,并减少了最耗时的阶段(即命中检测和无缺口扩展)的分支分支。此外,cuBLASTP还优化了多核CPU上的其余阶段(即,扩展的扩展和与追溯的对齐),并将其执行与GPU上运行的阶段重叠。

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