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Wireless multi-standard terminals: system analysis and design of a reconfigurable RF front-end

机译:无线多标准终端:系统分析和可重构RF前端的设计

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The availability of multi-standard terminals will be key to provide location independent connections able to take advantage of any possible infrastructure. This paper addresses both the architecture and the circuits for the RF front-end of a terminal with cellular (GSM, EDGE and UMTS), LAN (IEEE802.11a/b/g) and Bluetooth radio interfaces. A multi-standard simulator has been developed to validate the architectural and design choices in terms of error rates at bit or packet level. The simulator takes into account implementation non-idealities and performs all tests to be passed to comply with the given standards. It also hints at the need for implementation margins as well as at possible optimization between different RF-blocks. The final solution, still under design, will consists of two chips, one including the TX and the other the RX for all the above standards. The cellular (plus Bluetooth) transmitter relies on a Linear amplification with Non-linear Component (LINC) architecture that uses direct modulation of the carrier. This allows power saving because DAC and up-conversion mixers are not required. The WLAN (plus Bluetooth) transmitter adopts a direct-conversion architecture that implements an internal output matching over all the frequency bands while maintaining good system efficiency. The same building blocks are used for all standards, saving power and chip area. The cellular receiver architecture is able to reconfigure between Low-IF for GSM and direct conversion for UMTS and Bluetooth. The key aspects in achieving the specs in a fully integrated fashion are a mixer with a very high dynamic range, a careful control of DC offsets and a highly tunable VCO. The WLAN receiver also uses direct-conversion with a Low Noise Amplifier based on a common gate topology that uses positive feedback through integrated transformers to improve input matching and noise. The frequency down-converter uses current driven passive mixers to achieve low 1/f noise corner, and high linearity with low power consumption. Finally, the base-band blocks can be shared among all the standard, thanks to their high reconfigurability. The paper describes the ideas behind the key RF blocks and some details of circuit implementation. Experimental measurements from sub-blocks in a 0.13 /-spl mu/m CMOS technology are presented and discussed.
机译:多标准终端的可用性对于提供能够利用任何可能的基础架构的位置独立连接至关重要。本文介绍了具有蜂窝(GSM,EDGE和UMTS),LAN(IEEE802.11a / b / g)和蓝牙无线电接口的终端的射频前端的体系结构和电路。已开发出一种多标准仿真器,以根据位或包级别的错误率来验证体系结构和设计选择。模拟器考虑了实现的非理想性,并执行所有通过的测试,以符合给定的标准。它还暗示需要实现余量以及不同RF模块之间的可能优化。最终的解决方案仍在设计中,将由两块芯片组成,一块包含TX,而另一块RX用于上述所有标准。蜂窝(加蓝牙)发射器依赖于线性放大和非线性分量(LINC)体系结构,该结构使用载波的直接调制。由于不需要DAC和上变频混频器,因此可以节省功耗。 WLAN(加蓝牙)发射机采用直接转换架构,该架构可在所有频带上实现内部输出匹配,同时保持良好的系统效率。所有标准都使用相同的构建块,从而节省了功率和芯片面积。蜂窝接收器架构能够在GSM的低中频与UMTS和蓝牙的直接转换之间进行重新配置。以完全集成的方式实现规格的关键方面是具有极高动态范围的混频器,对直流失调的精心控制和高度可调的VCO。 WLAN接收器还使用基于低噪声放大器的直接转换,该放大器基于通用门拓扑结构,该拓扑结构通过集成变压器使用正反馈来改善输入匹配和噪声。降频器使用电流驱动的无源混频器来实现低1 / f噪声角和高线性度,并且功耗低。最后,由于其高可配置性,基带模块可以在所有标准之间共享。本文介绍了关键RF模块背后的思想以及电路实现的一些细节。本文介绍并讨论了采用0.13 / -spl mu / m CMOS技术的子块进行的实验测量。

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