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Negative Feedback, Amplifiers, Governors, and More [Historical]

机译：负反馈，放大器，调速器等[历史记录]

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The invention of the negative feedback amplifier by Harold S. Black (1898-1983) in 1928 is considered one of the great achievements in electronics. In fact, it is listed among the IEEE Milestones, where it is credited to Bell Labs. Black was hired by Western Electric in 1921 and assigned to work on the Type C system, a newly introduced three-channel telephone network whose push-pull, vacuum-tube, repeater amplifiers produce too much harmonic distortion when connected in tandem [1]. At that time, telephone networks were spreading, and Bell Labs emerged quickly as the major research company in the telephone industry. The extension of lines over long distances required counteracting signal attenuation, which occurred, though at a reduced level, even in lines provided with Pupin's loading coils, which discretely increased the line longitudinal inductance L so as to match the Heaviside condition L/R=C/G for distortionless transmission (R being the longitudinal resistance and C and G the transverse capacitance and conductance, respectively).
机译：Harold S. Black（1898-1983）在1928年发明了负反馈放大器，这被认为是电子领域的一项重大成就。实际上，它被列为IEEE里程碑之一，并归功于贝尔实验室。 Black在1921年被Western Electric聘用，并被分配从事C型系统的工作，C型系统是一种新引入的三通道电话网络，当串联连接时，其推挽式真空管中继放大器会产生过多的谐波失真[1]。那时，电话网络正在普及，贝尔实验室迅速崛起成为电话行业的主要研究公司。线路在长距离上的延伸需要抵消信号衰减，尽管衰减程度有所降低，即使在配备有Pupin负载线圈的线路中也是如此，这会离散地增加线路纵向电感L，以匹配重载条件L / R = C / G用于无失真传输（R分别是纵向电阻，C则是横向电容和电导）。

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