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首页> 外文期刊>Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE >Harmonizing AC and DC: A Hybrid AC/DC Future Grid Solution
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Harmonizing AC and DC: A Hybrid AC/DC Future Grid Solution

机译：交流和直流协调：交流/直流混合未来电网解决方案

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It has been over 100 years since Thomas Edison built the first direct current (dc) electricity supply system on 4 September 1882, at Pearl Street in New York City. Many prominent events occurred in the electricity supply industry after that. The first one, ?the war of currents,? started in 1888. Thomas Edison and his dc distribution system were on one side, and George Westinghouse and Nikolai Tesla with the alternating current (ac) system were on other side. The war ?ended? in about 1891 when ac won as the dominant power supply medium. The key behind the ac win was the invention of the transformer that could easily step up medium voltage to high and extra-high voltage for long-distance power transfer from a remote ac generation station to load centers hundreds of kilometers away with lower transmission losses. Transformers can also step down high voltage back to low voltage at load stations to supply the low-voltage equipment. Since the end of the war, ac power systems have been developed and expanded at a tremendous speed from the initial small isolated networks, with each supplying only lighting and motor loads with a few hundreds of customers, to its current scale of super interconnected networks each supplying billions of customers over large geographic areas in one or several countries. The voltage levels and capacities of transmission networks have increased from the first commercialized three-phase ac system with only 2.4 kV, 250 kW in the town of Redlands, California, United States, to the first commercial long-distance, ultra-high-voltage, ac transmission line in China with 1,000 kV, 2,000 MW. Transmission distance has been increased from several miles to over thousands of kilometers (miles). With such major achievements, it is little wonder that the ac power system became the top engineering achievement of the 20th century. Does this mean that dc is gone? The answer is an unambiguous no. What has happened in the past 50 years, such as applications of adva- ced control technologies in conventional power system loads, the power electronics based high-voltage dc (HVdc) transmission, and the additional renewable power sources in low-voltage distribution system, calls for a rethink about dc and ac in electricity supply systems.
机译：自1882年9月4日托马斯·爱迪生（Thomas Edison）在纽约市珍珠街建立第一个直流（dc）供电系统以来，已有100多年的历史。此后，电力供应行业发生了许多重大事件。第一个是“潮流战争”。开始于1888年。托马斯·爱迪生（Thomas Edison）和他的直流配电系统在一侧，乔治·威斯汀豪斯（George Westinghouse）和尼古拉·特斯拉（Nikolai Tesla）带有交流（ac）系统。战争结束了吗？在大约1891年，交流电赢得了主导电源的地位。交流胜利的关键是发明了变压器，该变压器可以轻松地将中压升压至高电压和超高电压，以便从远程交流发电站向数百公里外的负载中心进行长距离电力传输，并且传输损耗更低。变压器还可以在负载站将高压降压回低压，以为低压设备供电。自战争结束以来，交流电源系统已经得到了巨大的发展和扩展，从最初的小型隔离网络（每个仅向数百名客户提供照明和电机负载）到当前的超级互连网络规模为一个或几个国家/地区的广大地理区域的数十亿客户提供服务。传输网络的电压水平和容量已从美国加利福尼亚州雷德兰兹镇的首个商业化三相交流系统仅2.4 kV，250 kW上升到首个商业化长距离超高压，中国1000 kV，2000 MW交流输电线路。传输距离已从几英里增加到数千公里（英里）。有了如此重大的成就，交流电源系统成为20世纪最重要的工程成就也就不足为奇了。这是否意味着dc消失了？答案是明确的。过去50年中发生的事情，例如先进控制技术在常规电力系统负载中的应用，基于电力电子技术的高压dc（HVdc）传输以及低压配电系统中的其他可再生电源，呼吁重新思考供电系统中的直流和交流。

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