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首页> 外文期刊>Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE >The Wind at Our Backs
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The Wind at Our Backs

机译：背风

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Competitive wholesale Electricity markets followed the restructuring of the vertically integrated electric utility industry in the United States in the 1990s. Considerable attention was paid to the design and operation of markets centered around traditional forms of generation, including fossil, nuclear, and hydroelectric. Little consideration was given to market design and operation under conditions of high penetrations of remote, variable renewable generation, such as wind (see Figure 1) and solar energy, which had not yet appeared on the scene in any significant amounts. Some of the characteristics of variable generation that present a challenge to market design are the greater variability and uncertainty associated with plant output, due to the fact that its fuel supply cannot be controlled; the need to schedule additional reserve capacity to manage this additional variability and uncertainty; the practice of renewable energy dispatch with a marginal price of zero; and the fact that the renewable generator may have a profit motive to continue operation during moderately negative locational marginal prices (LMPs).
机译：竞争激烈的批发电力市场是在1990年代美国垂直整合的电力工业重组之后。人们对以化石，核能和水力发电等传统发电方式为中心的市场的设计和运营给予了极大的关注。在偏远的，可变的可再生能源发电（如风（见图1）和太阳能）的普及率很高的情况下，很少考虑市场设计和运营，而这些能源尚未大量出现。可变发电的某些特征给市场设计带来了挑战，这是由于无法控制其燃料供应这一事实，与工厂产出相关的更大的可变性和不确定性；需要安排额外的储备能力来管理这种额外的可变性和不确定性；边际价格为零的可再生能源调度实践；以及可再生能源的发电动机可能是在适度为负的地方边际价格（LMPs）期间继续运营的事实。

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