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Model-based digital halftoning

机译：基于模型的数字半色调

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Digital halftoning is the process of generating a pattern of pixels with a limited number of colors that, when seen by the human eye, is perceived as a continuous-tone image. Digital halftoning is used to display continuous-tone images in media in which the direct rendition of the tones is impossible. The most common example of such media is ink or toner on paper, and the most common rendering devices for such media are, of course, printers. Halftoning works because the eye acts as a spatial low-pass filter that blurs the rendered pixel pattern, so that it is perceived as a continuous-tone image. Although all halftoning methods rely at least implicitly, on some understanding of the properties of human vision and the display device, the goal of model-based halftoning techniques is to exploit explicit models of the display device and the human visual system (HVS) to maximize the quality of the displayed images. Based on the type of computation involved, halftoning algorithms can be broadly classified into three categories: point algorithms (screening or dithering), neighborhood algorithms (error diffusion), and iterative algorithms [least squares and direct binary search (DBS)]. All of these algorithms can incorporate HVS and printer models. The best halftone reproductions, however, are obtained by iterative techniques that minimize the (squared) error between the output of the cascade of the printer and visual models in response to the halftone image and the output of the visual model in response to the original continuous-tone image.
机译：数字半色调是生成具有有限数量的颜色的像素图案的过程，当人眼看到这些颜色时，该图案被视为连续色调图像。数字半色调用于在无法直接再现色调的媒体中显示连续色调的图像。此类介质最常见的示例是纸上的墨水或墨粉，此类介质最常见的绘制设备当然是打印机。半色调起作用是因为眼睛充当了空间低通滤镜，该滤镜会模糊渲染的像素图案，从而将其感知为连续色调的图像。尽管所有半色调方法至少都隐含地依赖于对人类视觉和显示设备的属性的一些理解，但是基于模型的半色调技术的目标是利用显示设备和人类视觉系统（HVS）的显式模型来最大化显示图像的质量。根据所涉及的计算类型，半色调算法可以大致分为三类：点算法（屏蔽或抖动），邻域算法（误差扩散）和迭代算法[最小二乘和直接二进制搜索（DBS）]。所有这些算法都可以合并HVS和打印机模型。但是，最佳的半色调复制是通过迭代技术获得的，该技术可使响应于半色调图像的打印机级联输出和视觉模型的输出与响应原始连续图像的视觉模型的输出之间的（平方）误差最小化色调图像。

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