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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems >Highly Integrated FPGA-Only Signal Digitization Method Using Single-Ended Memory Interface Input Receivers for Time-of-Flight PET Detectors
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Highly Integrated FPGA-Only Signal Digitization Method Using Single-Ended Memory Interface Input Receivers for Time-of-Flight PET Detectors

机译：使用单端存储器接口输入接收器的飞行时间PET检测器的高度集成的仅FPGA信号数字化方法

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摘要

We propose a new highly integrated field-programmable gate array (FPGA) only signal digitization method for individual signal digitization of time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF PET). We configured I/O port of the FPGA with a single-ended memory interface (SeMI) input receiver. The SeMI is a single-ended voltage-referenced interface that has a common reference voltage per I/O Bank, such that each SeMI input receiver can serve as a voltage comparator. The FPGA-only digitizer that uses the single-ended input receivers does not require a separate digitizing integrated chip, and can obtain twice as many signals as that using LVDS input receivers. We implemented a highly integrated digitizer consisting of 82 energy and 82 timing channels using a 28-nm FPGA. The energy and arrival time were measured using a 625-ps binary counter, and a 10-ps time-to-digital converter (TDC), respectively. We first measured the intrinsic characteristics of the proposed FPGA-only digitizer. The SeMI input receiver functioned as the voltage comparator without undesirable offset voltage. The standard deviation value of the time difference measured using two SeMI input receivers with respective TDCs was less than 14.6 ps RMS. In addition, we fed signals from the TOF PET detectors to the SeMI input receivers directly and collected data. The TOF PET detector consisted of a 3 x 3 x 20 mm(3) LYSO crystal coupled with a silicon photomultiplier. The energy resolutions were 7.7% and 7.1% for two TOF PET detectors. The coincidence resolving time was 204 ps full width at half maximum. The SeMI digitizer with a high-performance signal digitizer, processor, and high-speed transceivers provides a compact all-in-one data acquisition system.
机译：我们提出一种新的高度集成的现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）信号数字化方法，用于飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描（TOF PET）的单个信号数字化。我们使用单端存储器接口（SeMI）输入接收器配置了FPGA的I / O端口。 SeMI是一个单端电压参考接口，每个I / O Bank具有公共参考电压，因此每个SeMI输入接收器都可以用作电压比较器。使用单端输入接收器的仅FPGA数字转换器不需要单独的数字化集成芯片，并且可以获得的信号数量是使用LVDS输入接收器的两倍。我们使用28nm FPGA实现了高度集成的数字转换器，包括82个能量和82个定时通道。分别使用625 ps的二进制计数器和10 ps的时间数字转换器（TDC）测量能量和到达时间。我们首先测量了所提出的仅FPGA数字转换器的固有特性。 SeMI输入接收器用作电压比较器，不会产生不希望的失调电压。使用带有各自TDC的两个SeMI输入接收器测得的时间差的标准偏差值小于14.6 ps RMS。此外，我们将来自TOF PET检测器的信号直接馈送到SeMI输入接收器，并收集数据。 TOF PET检测器由一个3 x 3 x 20 mm（3）LYSO晶体和一个硅光电倍增管组成。两个TOF PET检测器的能量分辨率分别为7.7％和7.1％。巧合分辨时间为最大半值全宽204 ps。具有高性能信号数字化仪，处理器和高速收发器的SeMI数字化仪提供了紧凑的多合一数据采集系统。

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