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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing >Calibration and Validation of the TEMPEST-D CubeSat Radiometer
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Calibration and Validation of the TEMPEST-D CubeSat Radiometer

机译：Tempest-D CubeSat辐射计的校准和验证

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Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems-Demonstration (TEMPEST- D) is a 6U CubeSat satellite with a cross-track scanning millimeter-wave radiometer measuring at five frequencies from 87 to 181 GHz. It employs a directdetection architecture with InP HEMT monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) low-noise amplifiers and related new technologies. An end-to-end two-point external calibration is performed every 2-s rotation of the scanning mirror, based on observations of the cosmic microwave background and an internal blackbody calibration target, with three thermistors to monitor the target physical temperature. Corrections for antenna pattern effects and cross-scan biases based on prelaunch measured values were updated using data from an on-orbit calibration pitch maneuver. Validation of the observed brightness temperatures ( TB) is performed by comparing to coincident nonprecipitating ocean observations from five wellcalibrated on-orbit instruments, including Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Microwave Imager (GMI) and four Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) sensors on board NOAA-19, MetOp-A, MetOp-B, andMetOp-C satellites. Absolute calibration accuracy is within 1 K for all channels, well within the 4-K requirement. Calibration precision, or stability over time, is within 0.6 K for all channels, also well within the 2-K requirement. The intrinsic noise of TEMPEST-D is lower than MHS, resulting in similar on-orbit noise equivalent differential temperatures (NEDTs), even though TEMPEST-D has a much shorter integration time of 5 ms as compared to 18 ms for MHS. As a result, although the TEMPEST-D radiometer is substantially smaller, lower power, and lower cost than similar current operational radiometers, it has comparable or better performance in terms of instrument noise, calibration accuracy, and calibration stability or precision.
机译：风暴和热带系统的时间实验 - 演示（Tempest-D）是一个6U CubeSat卫星，其横轨扫描毫米波辐射计，以87到181 GHz的五个频率测量。它采用具有INP HEMT整体微波集成电路（MMIC）低噪声放大器和相关新技术的DirectDetection架构。基于宇宙微波背景和内部黑体校准目标的观察，执行扫描镜的每2秒旋转端到端两点外部校准，其中包含三个热敏电阻来监测目标物理温度。使用来自轨道校准间距机动的数据更新基于预升测量值的天线模式效果和交叉扫描偏差的校正。通过比较来自五个井网上的轨道仪器的重合的非剥离海洋观测，包括从五个井网上的轨道仪器，包括全球降水测量（GPM）Mission微波成像器（GMI）和四个微波湿度发声器（MHS）传感器在船上NOAA-19，MEDOP-A，MEDOP-B，ANDMETOP-C卫星。绝对校准精度在所有通道的1 k范围内，良好的4-K要求内。所有通道的校准精度或稳定性随着时间的推移，在0.6 k范围内，在2-K要求内也很好。 Tempest-D的内在噪声低于MHS，导致类似的轨道噪声等效差分温度（NEDTS），即使TEMPEST-D与MHS的18 ms相比具有5ms的更短的集成时间。结果，尽管TEMPEST-D辐射计具有比类似电流运行辐射仪的较低功率和更低的成本，但在仪器噪声，校准精度和校准稳定性或精度方面具有相当或更好的性能。

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