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首页> 外文期刊>Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on >Surf Zone Characterization Using a Small Quadcopter: Technical Issues and Procedures
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Surf Zone Characterization Using a Small Quadcopter: Technical Issues and Procedures

机译：使用小型四轴飞行器的冲浪区表征：技术问题和程序

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摘要

We explore the potential for using a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) quadcopter to collect long-dwell imagery of the nearshore from which important measurements can be made at low cost and with flexibility. This paper extends the existing topographic imaging approaches that rely on having plentiful ground control spread across the image, to the nearshore case where the bulk of the image is water with no control point and vehicle metadata must be used. The UAV autopilot was found to be capable of excellent station-keeping with the positional errors of 0.20 and 0.53 m (horizontal and vertical) and the viewing angle errors of 0.25° (tilt and roll) and 0.38° (azimuth). The ground position of imaged objects could be found with 0.21-m accuracy. Metadata returned by the UAV on camera position was accurate at 5 m, and the camera roll could be assumed to be 0°, reducing the ground control requirements to two, or even one location. Even under this extreme simplification, ground position errors averaged only 10 m but were worse for cases when only control points near to the UAV were used. A model for the visual contrast of waves when viewed from different angles found that large tilts are important but, in contrast to theory, that there was little dependence on the viewing azimuthal angle. Derived Argus products agreed well with the same products collected using a traditional fixed Argus station. UAVs appear to be a very promising alternate to fixed camera systems if limited duration sampling is adequate.
机译：我们探索了使用小型无人飞行器（UAV）四轴飞行器收集近岸长距离图像的潜力，从中可以低成本，灵活地进行重要测量。本文将现有的地形成像方法扩展到了近岸，在这种情况下，图像的大部分是水，没有控制点，必须使用车辆元数据，这种方法依赖于在图像上分散大量地面控制。发现无人机自动驾驶仪具有出色的驻地保持能力，位置误差为0.20和0.53 m（水平和垂直），视角误差为0.25°（倾斜和滚动）和0.38°（方位角）。可以找到被成像物体的地面位置，精确度为0.21-m。无人飞行器返回的关于摄像机位置的元数据在5 m处是准确的，并且可以假定摄像机侧倾为0°，从而将地面控制要求减少到两个甚至一个位置。即使在这种极端简化下，地面位置平均误差仅为10 m，但对于仅使用靠近无人机的控制点的情况则更为严重。从不同角度观察时，波浪的视觉对比模型发现，大的倾斜很重要，但与理论相反，对观察方位角的依赖性很小。派生的Argus产品与使用传统的固定Argus工作站收集的相同产品非常吻合。如果有限的持续时间采样是足够的，那么无人机似乎是固定摄像机系统的非常有希望的替代品。

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