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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing >Phase Calibration of Airborne Tomographic SAR Data via Phase Center Double Localization
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Phase Calibration of Airborne Tomographic SAR Data via Phase Center Double Localization

机译：通过相中心双重定位的航空层析SAR数据的相位校准

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摘要

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected over a 2-D synthetic aperture can be processed to focus the illuminated scatterers in the 3-D space, using a number of signal processing techniques generally grouped under the name of SAR tomography (TomoSAR). A fundamental requirement for TomoSAR processing is to have precise knowledge of the platform position along the 2-D synthetic aperture. This requirement is not easily met in the case where the 2-D aperture is formed by collecting different flight lines (i.e., 1-D apertures) in a repeat-pass fashion, which is the typical case of airborne and spaceborne TomoSAR. Subwavelength platform position errors give rise to residual phase screens among different passes, which hinder coherent focusing in the 3-D space. In this paper, we propose a strategy for calibrating repeat-pass tomographic SAR data that allows us to accurately estimate and remove such residual phase screens in the absence of reference targets and prior information about terrain topography and even in the absence of any point- or surface-like target within the illuminated scene. The problem is tackled by observing that multiple flight lines provide enough information to jointly estimate platform and target positions, up to a roto-translation of the coordinate system used for representing the imaged scene. The employment of volumetric scatterers in the calibration process is enabled by the phase linking algorithm, which allows us to represent them as equivalent phase centers. The proposed approach is demonstrated through numerical simulations, in order to validate the results based on the exact knowledge of the simulated scatterers, and using real data from the ESA campaigns AlpTomoSAR, BioSAR 2008, and TropiSAR. A cross-check of the results from simultaneous P- and L-band acquisitions from the TropiSAR data set indicates that the dispersion of the retrieved flight trajectories is limited to a few millimeters.
机译：使用通常以SAR层析成像（TomoSAR）归类的多种信号处理技术，可以处理在2-D合成孔径上收集的合成孔径雷达（SAR）数据，以将照明的散射体聚焦在3-D空间中。 TomoSAR处理的基本要求是准确了解沿二维合成孔径的平台位置。在以重复通过方式收集不同的飞行线（即一维光圈）而形成二维光圈的情况下，这是不容易满足的，这是机载和星载TomoSAR的典型情况。亚波长平台位置误差会导致不同通道之间的残留相位屏蔽，这会阻碍在3-D空间中的相干聚焦。在本文中，我们提出了一种用于校准重复通过层析SAR数据的策略，该策略使我们能够在没有参考目标和地形地形先验信息的情况下，甚至在没有任何点或点的情况下，准确估计和去除此类残留相位屏幕。照明场景中的表面状目标。通过观察多条飞行路线可提供足够的信息来共同估计平台和目标位置，直至用于表示成像场景的坐标系的旋转平移，即可解决该问题。通过相位链接算法可以在校准过程中使用体积散射体，这使我们可以将它们表示为等效的相位中心。通过数值模拟证明了所提出的方法，以便基于对模拟散射体的确切知识并使用来自ESA活动AlpTomoSAR，BioSAR 2008和TropiSAR的真实数据来验证结果。对来自TropiSAR数据集的同时进行的P波段和L波段采集的结果进行交叉检查，表明检索到的飞行轨迹的离散度限制在几毫米以内。

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