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Focus FMCW SAR Data Using the Wavenumber Domain Algorithm

机译：使用波数域算法聚焦FMCW SAR数据

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摘要

The combination of frequency-modulation continuous-wave (FMCW) technology and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) promises a lightweight, cost-effective, and high-quality imaging sensor for remote sensing. However, the long signal duration time leads to the failure of the conventional start/stop approximation of the pulsed SAR. In this paper, a signal model is proposed to address the effects of the continuous motion during the transmit time on the echoed signal. Based on the model, an analytical point target reference spectrum is derived. From the spectrum, it will be seen that the continuous motion introduces an additional range-azimuth coupling term and a range walk term compared with the conventional pulsed SAR. The range walk term is well known, whereas the foregoing range-azimuth coupling term is formulated for the first time in the FMCW SAR community. For the squint and spotlight modes, these range walk and range-azimuth coupling terms might significantly degrade the image quality. In this paper, based on the proposed analytical signal model, we further discuss the application of the wavenumber domain algorithm for the FMCW SAR data. In addition, different approximations of the Stolt mapping are made to highlight the effect of the range-dependent higher-order range-azimuth coupling terms on the 2-D impulse responses. Finally, X-band simulated experiments and Ka-band real FMCW SAR data are used to validate the signal model and the processing method.
机译：调频连续波（FMCW）技术与合成孔径雷达（SAR）的结合为轻巧，经济高效的高质量遥感影像传感器提供了保证。但是，较长的信号持续时间会导致脉冲SAR的常规开始/停止近似失败。在本文中，提出了一种信号模型来解决发射时间内连续运动对回波信号的影响。基于该模型，得出分析点目标参考光谱。从频谱上可以看出，与传统的脉冲SAR相比，连续运动引入了一个附加的距离-方位角耦合项和一个距离游动项。距离游移项是众所周知的，而前述的距离-方位角耦合项是在FMCW SAR社区中首次制定的。对于斜视和聚光灯模式，这些距离游动和距离方位耦合项可能会大大降低图像质量。本文在提出的解析信号模型的基础上，进一步讨论了波数域算法在FMCW SAR数据中的应用。此外，对Stolt映射进行了不同的近似处理，以突出依赖于范围的高阶范围-方位角耦合项对2-D脉冲响应的影响。最后，利用X波段模拟实验和Ka波段真实FMCW SAR数据验证了信号模型和处理方法。

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