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首页> 外文期刊>Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on >Quantifying Surface Reflectivity for Spaceborne Lidar via Two Independent Methods
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Quantifying Surface Reflectivity for Spaceborne Lidar via Two Independent Methods

机译：通过两种独立方法量化星载激光雷达的表面反射率

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Spaceborne differential absorption lidar has been proposed for accurate measurements of atmospheric $hbox{CO}_{2}$ (and surface properties). Lidar instruments typically observe the highest possible surface reflectance due to observing in the retroreflection direction (the so-called “hotspot”) where viewed shadow is minimized. The range of observed reflectance will determine instrument dimensions and signal-to-noise ratio, but it is difficult to predict this range globally a priori. Two complementary methods are presented for estimating lidar reflectivity over a range of vegetated surface types. The first method simulates the expected response of a lidar instrument from multiangle multispectral reflectance data. The second method uses detailed 3-D vegetation structural models and Monte Carlo ray tracing to simulate the lidar signal. The simulations are used to validate the first method and assess the impact of possible instrument configurations. Both methods agree well and are robust to error in observations, with predicted lidar reflectivity (at 1570 and 2050 nm here) typically between 10% and 33% higher relative to off-nadir reflectance and ranging from 0.02 to $sim$ 0.7. We use the 3-D simulations to show that the impact of shifted on–off lidar pulses is not likely to be significant for accuracy of retrieved $hbox{CO}_{2}$, and we demonstrate that the 3-D simulation method is a flexible and powerful way of prototyping future spaceborne lidar missions.
机译：已提议使用星载差分吸收激光雷达来精确测量大气$ hbox {CO} _ {2} $（和表面特性）。激光雷达仪器通常会观察到最大可能的表面反射率，这是因为在回射方向（所谓的“热点”）进行了观察，在此情况下，观察到的阴影最小。观察到的反射率的范围将决定仪器的尺寸和信噪比，但是很难先验地预测该范围。提出了两种互补的方法来估计一系列植被表面类型上的激光雷达反射率。第一种方法根据多角度多光谱反射率数据模拟激光雷达仪器的预期响应。第二种方法使用详细的3-D植被结构模型和Monte Carlo射线追踪来模拟激光雷达信号。仿真用于验证第一种方法并评估可能的仪器配置的影响。两种方法都吻合良好，并且对观测误差具有鲁棒性，预测的激光雷达反射率（此处为1570和2050 nm）相对于离天底反射率通常高10％至33％，范围为0.02至sim $ 0.7。我们使用3-D模拟显示，开关激光雷达脉冲的影响对于所获取的$ hbox {CO} _ {2} $的精度影响不大，并且证明了3-D模拟方法是为未来的太空激光雷达任务制作原型的灵活而强大的方法。

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