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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. >Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (MOSS): A Mission Concept for Global Deep Soil Moisture Observations
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Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (MOSS): A Mission Concept for Global Deep Soil Moisture Observations

机译：冠层和地下微波观测站（MOSS）：全球深层土壤湿度观测的任务概念

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摘要

The microwave observatory of subcanopy and subsurface (MOSS) is a mission concept for a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system that provides global observations of soil moisture under substantial vegetation cover (exceeding 20 $hbox{kg/m}^{2}$) and at useful depths (1–5 m). The concept was developed and a number of new required technologies were demonstrated through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubator Program project. This very high frequency (VHF)/ultrahigh frequency (UHF) polarimetric SAR is designed to provide 7–10-day observations of soil moisture at 1-km resolution. The rapid repeat cycle mandates swath widths in the range of 300–400 km, which must be realized by a 30-m-long antenna. Conventional array implementations would result in a mass of more than 4000 kg, whereas with the technology proposed and demonstrated in this project, the total antenna mass is less than 500 kg. The antenna concept is a dual-stacked patch array feed illuminating a 30-m mesh reflector to synthesize the long apertures and achieve the wide swath. The feed system prototype was fabricated and its performance demonstrated. Other major project components were: 1) system-level SAR and mission design; 2) demonstration of science data and products, using a tower-based VHF/UHF radar; 3) spacecraft and mesh reflector antenna mechanical design; 4) developing mitigation strategies for ionospheric effects; and 5) assessing frequency interference effects. Experimental science data were generated from the tower radar for soil moisture profiling in Arizona and for forest penetration in Oregon. The soil moisture products were demonstrated through an integrated inversion-processing algorithm. This paper summarizes the results from the MOSS project and demonstrates the feasibility of the spaceborne mission.
机译：地下冠层和地下微波观测站（MOSS）是星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）系统的一项任务概念，该系统可对大量植被覆盖下的土壤湿度进行全球观测（超过20 $ hbox {kg / m} ^ {2} $ ）和有用的深度（1-5 m）。通过国家航空航天局地球科学技术办公室仪器孵化器计划项目，开发了该概念并演示了许多新的所需技术。这种甚高频（VHF）/超高频（UHF）极化SAR旨在以1 km的分辨率提供7–10天的土壤湿度观测。快速重复周期要求条带宽度在300-400 km之间，这必须通过30 m长的天线来实现。常规的阵列实现将导致质量超过4000千克，而在本项目中提出并证明的技术下，总天线质量小于500千克。天线概念是双堆叠贴片阵列馈源，可照亮30米网状反射器，以合成长孔径并实现宽幅。制作了供料系统原型，并演示了其性能。其他主要项目包括：1）系统级SAR和任务设计； 2）使用基于塔的VHF / UHF雷达演示科学数据和产品； 3）航天器和网状反射器天线的机械设计； 4）制定电离层效应的缓解策略； 5）评估频率干扰效应。从塔式雷达获得的实验科学数据用于亚利桑那州的土壤湿度分析和俄勒冈州的森林渗透。通过集成的反演处理算法演示了土壤水分产物。本文总结了MOSS项目的结果，并证明了星载飞行任务的可行性。

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