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Revealing the Traces of JPEG Compression Anti-Forensics

机译：揭示JPEG压缩取证的痕迹

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摘要

Due to the lossy nature of transform coding, JPEG introduces characteristic traces in the compressed images. A forensic analyst might reveal these traces by analyzing the histogram of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients and exploit them to identify local tampering, copy-move forgery, etc. At the same time, it has been recently shown that a knowledgeable adversary can possibly conceal the traces of JPEG compression, by adding a dithering noise signal in the DCT domain, in order to restore the histogram of the original image. In this paper, we study the processing chain that arises in the case of JPEG compression anti-forensics. We take the perspective of the forensic analyst, and we show how it is possible to counter the aforementioned anti-forensic method revealing the traces of JPEG compression, regardless of the quantization matrix being used. Tests on a large image dataset demonstrated that the proposed detector was able to achieve an average accuracy equal to 93%, rising above 99% when excluding the case of nearly lossless JPEG compression.
机译：由于变换编码的有损性质，JPEG在压缩图像中引入了特征迹线。法医分析师可能会通过分析离散余弦变换（DCT）系数的直方图来揭示这些痕迹，并利用它们来识别局部篡改，复制移动伪造等。同时，最近发现，知识渊博的对手可能通过在DCT域中添加抖动噪声信号来隐藏JPEG压缩的痕迹，以恢复原始图像的直方图。在本文中，我们研究了在JPEG压缩反取证情况下出现的处理链。我们从法医分析师的角度出发，我们展示了如何与上面提到的反法医方法相抗衡，无论使用何种量化矩阵，该方法都能揭示JPEG压缩的痕迹。对大型图像数据集的测试表明，提出的检测器能够实现等于93％的平均准确度，如果排除几乎无损JPEG压缩的情况，则可以提高到99％以上。

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