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False-Accept/False-Reject Trade-Offs for Ensembles of Biometric Authentication Systems

机译：生物识别系统集成的错误接受/错误拒绝权衡

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摘要

Biometric authentication systems, based on secret key generation, work as follows. In the enrollment stage, an individual provides a biometric signal that is mapped into a secret key and a helper message, the former being prepared to become available to the system at a later time (for authentication), and the latter is stored in a public database. When an authorized user requests authentication, claiming his/her identity to be one of those of the subscribers, he/she has to provide a biometric signal again, and then the system, which retrieves also the helper message of the claimed subscriber, produces an estimate of the secret key that is finally compared to the secret key of the claimed user. In the case of a match, the authentication request is approved; otherwise, it is rejected. Evidently, there is an inherent tension between two desired, but conflicting, properties of the helper message encoder; on the one hand, the encoding should be informative enough concerning the identity of the real subscriber, in order to approve him/her in the authentication stage, but on the other hand, it should not be too informative, as otherwise, unauthorized imposters could easily fool the system and gain access. A good encoder should then trade off the two kinds of errors: the false reject (FR) error and the false accept (FA) error. In this paper, we investigate trade-offs between the random coding FR error exponent and the best achievable FA error exponent. We compare two types of ensembles of codes: fixed-rate codes and variable-rate codes, and we show that the latter class of codes offers considerable improvement compared to the former. In doing this, we characterize ensemble-optimal rate functions for both types of codes. We also examine the effect of privacy leakage constraints for both fixed-rate codes and variable-rate codes.
机译：基于密钥生成的生物特征认证系统的工作原理如下。在注册阶段，一个人提供一个生物特征信号，该信号被映射到一个秘密密钥和一个帮助消息中，前者准备在以后的某个时间可供系统使用（用于身份验证），而后者则存储在公共场所数据库。当授权用户要求身份验证（声称其身份是订户身份之一）时，他/她必须再次提供生物识别信号，然后系统（还会检索所要求的订户的帮助消息）生成一个最终估计与要求保护的用户的秘密密钥进行比较的秘密密钥的估计。在匹配的情况下，认证请求被批准；否则，将被拒绝。显然，辅助消息编码器的两个期望的但相互冲突的属性之间存在固有的张力。一方面，关于真实订户的身份的编码应该足够有用，以便在身份验证阶段批准他/她；但另一方面，它也不应过于有用，因为否则，未经授权的冒名顶替者可能轻松欺骗系统并获得访问权限。好的编码器应权衡两种错误：错误拒绝（FR）错误和错误接受（FA）错误。在本文中，我们研究了随机编码FR错误指数和最佳可实现FA错误指数之间的折衷。我们比较了两种类型的代码集合：固定速率代码和可变速率代码，并且我们证明，与前一种代码相比，后一种类型的代码有很大的改进。在此过程中，我们对两种类型的代码都描述了集成最优速率函数。我们还将研究固定利率代码和可变利率代码的隐私泄漏约束的影响。

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