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Security Aspects of the Authentication Used in Quantum Cryptography

机译:量子密码学中使用的身份验证的安全性方面

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Unconditionally secure message authentication is an important part of quantum cryptography (QC). In this correspondence, we analyze security effects of using a key obtained from QC for authentication purposes in later rounds of QC. In particular, the eavesdropper gains partial knowledge on the key in QC that may have an effect on the security of the authentication in the later round. Our initial analysis indicates that this partial knowledge has little effect on the authentication part of the system, in agreement with previous results on the issue. However, when taking the full QC protocol into account, the picture is different. By accessing the quantum channel used in QC, the attacker can change the message to be authenticated. This, together with partial knowledge of the key, does incur a security weakness of the authentication. The underlying reason for this is that the authentication used, which is insensitive to such message changes when the key is unknown, becomes sensitive when used with a partially known key. We suggest a simple solution to this problem, and stress usage of this or an equivalent extra security measure in QC.
机译:无条件安全消息身份验证是量子密码学(QC)的重要组成部分。在此对应关系中,我们分析了在下一轮QC中使用从QC获得的密钥进行身份验证的安全性。尤其是,窃听者获得了有关QC中密钥的部分知识,这可能会在以后的回合中影响身份验证的安全性。我们的初步分析表明,与该问题的先前结果相一致,这种部分知识对系统的身份验证部分影响很小。但是,当考虑完整的QC协议时,情况就不同了。通过访问QC中使用的量子通道,攻击者可以更改要验证的消息。这与密钥的部分知识一起,确实会导致身份验证的安全性弱点。造成这种情况的根本原因是,当密钥未知时,对此类消息不敏感的身份验证将与部分已知的密钥一起使用,从而变得敏感。我们建议针对此问题的简单解决方案,并强调在质量控制中使用此方法或等效的额外安全措施。

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