Scaling laws are studied, with and without a snowplow (SP) effect, for macroparticle projectile velocities in electromagnetic launchers (EMLs) as a function of the peak EML current. Analytical formulae to predict the instantaneous position and velocity have been derived for both phases of rising and constant EML currents. The SP effect altered the scaling law of the short-pulse muzzle velocity ( nu /sub xw/), but not of the long-pulse muzzle velocity ( nu /sub xm/). The absolute values of both nu /sub xw/ and nu /sub xm/ are, however, seriously reduced in the SP regime, depending on the newly introduced parameter, in , which is a mass ratio of the armature/projectile system to the gas in the barrel. The critical in s with which the SP effect alters the muzzle velocity and time by more than 10% are presented. Numerical examples are given for possible applications of EMLs on calibrated impact damage testers and impact thermonuclear fusion, where short (1 m) and long (1 km) barrels are to be used for projectiles of several grams to achieve the maximum velocities of 1 and 130 km/s, respectively.
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机译：研究了具有和不具有除雪机（SP）效应的比例定律，以了解电磁发射器（EML）中的大颗粒弹丸速度与EML峰值电流的关系。对于上升和恒定EML电流的两个相位，已经得出了预测瞬时位置和速度的分析公式。 SP效应改变了短脉冲枪口速度（nu / sub xw /）的比例定律，但没有改变长脉冲枪口速度（nu / sub xm /）的比例定律。但是，根据SP中的新引入参数，在SP体制中nu / sub xw /和nu / sub xm /的绝对值都大大降低了，这是电枢/弹丸系统与气体的质量比。在桶中。提出了SP效果使枪口速度和时间改变超过10％的临界值。给出了数值示例，说明EML在校准的冲击损伤测试仪和冲击热核聚变中的可能应用，其中短（1 m）和长（1 km）枪管用于几克的弹丸，以实现1和130的最大速度km / s。
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