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Sensitivity Formulation Including Velocity Effects for Electromagnetic Induction Systems

机译：包括速度效应的电磁感应系统的灵敏度公式

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摘要

Sensitivity formulation and calculation is an important task in several electromagnetic induction systems, notably those used for measurement, nondestructive testing (NDT), and inductive imaging systems such as magnetic induction tomography (MIT). Previously, the sensitivity formulation used in these cases did not consider the velocity of the objects being imaged as these are considered to be static compared to the rate of change of the applied ac field. More recently, practical applications such as eddy current NDT for high-speed rail or wheel inspection and liquid metal flow imaging have used the interaction between the velocity of the material and an applied magnetic field for inspection purposes. Clearly in these applications the effects of velocity are fundamental to the operation of the technique. However, a direct sensitivity formulation for the velocity term has not yet been reported. In this paper, we present a derivation of the sensitivity coefficients for general induction measurement systems taking into account of the effect of moving objects. The sensitivity formulation is derived from electromagnetic field theory. It is believed that this is a more complete formulation than those previously reported. The sensitivity formulation has been validated on a test example based on contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT). This example consists of a refractory tube carrying liquid metal. The tube is surrounded by an array of coils which apply a dc field. The secondary magnetic field caused by the velocity of the liquid metal is measured with an array of magnetometers. The sensitivity of the magnetometer signal to the axial component of the velocity, derived from the new formulation, is compared to values obtained from an independent numerical model based on the finite difference method. A good agreement was obtained for the cases considered, some of which are reported here.
机译：在几种电磁感应系统中，尤其是用于测量，无损检测（NDT）和感应成像系统（例如，磁感应断层扫描（MIT））的系统，灵敏度的公式化和计算是一项重要的任务。以前，在这些情况下使用的灵敏度公式并未考虑被成像对象的速度，因为与施加的交流场的变化速率相比，这些对象被认为是静态的。近来，诸如用于高速铁路或车轮检查的涡流无损检测和液态金属流动成像的实际应用已经将材料的速度与施加的磁场之间的相互作用用于检查目的。显然，在这些应用中，速度的影响是该技术操作的基础。但是，尚未报道针对速度项的直接灵敏度公式。在本文中，我们提出了考虑移动物体影响的一般感应测量系统的灵敏度系数的推导。灵敏度公式源自电磁场理论。据信，这是比以前报道的更完整的配方。灵敏度公式已在基于非接触感应流层析成像（CIFT）的测试示例中得到验证。该示例由承载液态金属的耐火管组成。该管被施加直流磁场的线圈阵列包围。由液态金属的速度引起的次级磁场是用磁力计阵列测量的。将磁力计信号对速度的轴向分量的灵敏度（源自新公式）与基于有限差分法从独立数值模型获得的值进行比较。对于所考虑的案例，已经取得了良好的共识，其中一些报告在此。

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