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Design of an Efficient N × N Butterfly Switching Network in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

机译:量子点细胞自动机(QCA)中高效的N×N蝶形交换网络的设计

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a rapidly growing nanotechnology very well suited for designing ultra-dense, low-power, and high-performance digital circuits. In parallel computing, the multistage interconnection network (MIN) provides maximum bandwidth to the components and minimum latency access to the memory modules. Much research has been conducted on CMOS-based MINs for parallel computing. However, the QCA-based switching network is still underexplored. This article proposes a QCA architecture of a new single-layer butterfly switching network (BSN). To achieve this, we design an efficient 2 & x00A0;& x00D7;& x00A0;2 switching element (SE), using a modified majority gate that is fully utilized (i.e., no fixed logic like & x201C;0 & x201D; and & x201C;1 & x201D; at the inputs). The use of a fully utilized majority gate over a partially utilized majority (PUM) one makes the proposed SE more cost-efficient and versatile, and therefore it is used as the building block for designing the switching network. In addition, we deploy the SE to realize 4 & x00A0;& x00D7;& x00A0;4 and 8 & x00A0;& x00D7;& x00A0;8 BSNs. We also show how the design can be extended for an N & x00A0;& x00D7;& x00A0;N BSN. All the proposed circuits have been modeled and verified by QCADesigner. QCAPro is used for estimating the average switching and leakage energy dissipation of the proposed circuits. The results show considerable enhancement in terms of cell count, device area, and latency, and thereby outperform all reported prior designs.
机译:量子点自动机(QCA)是一种快速发展的纳米技术,非常适合设计超密集,低功耗和高性能的数字电路。在并行计算中,多级互连网络(MIN)为组件提供最大的带宽,并为存储模块提供最小的延迟访问。对于基于CMOS的MIN进行并行计算已经进行了很多研究。但是,基于QCA的交换网络仍未得到充分开发。本文提出了一种新的单层蝶形交换网络(BSN)的QCA体系结构。为了实现这一目标,我们设计了一种有效的2&x00A0;&x00D7;&x00A0; 2开关元件(SE),并使用了经过充分利用的改良多数门(即,没有像&x201C; 0&x201D;和& x201C; 1&x201D;在输入端)。相对于部分使用的多数(PUM),使用完全使用的多数门使拟议的SE更具成本效益和多功能性,因此,它被用作设计交换网络的基础。另外,我们部署SE来实现4&x00A0;&x00D7;&x00A0; 4和8&x00A0;&x00D7;&x00A0; 8 BSN。我们还将展示如何针对N&x00A0;&x00D7;&x00A0; N BSN扩展设计。所有提出的电路均已通过QCADesigner建模和验证。 QCAPro用于估计所提议电路的平均开关和泄漏能量耗散。结果表明,在单元数,设备面积和等待时间方面有相当大的提高,从而胜过了所有先前报道的设计。

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