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The functions of formulaic and nonformulaic compliments in interactions about technical writing

机译：公式和非公式补语在技术写作互动中的功能

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Writing tutors are encouraged to use compliments in their interactions with technical writing students. However, the form of compliments strongly influences how they function. Specifically, formulaic compliments like "It's good" function differently from nonformulaic compliments like "The size is excellent in terms of visually aiding the reader." A total of 107 compliments were analyzed from 13 interactions between 12 writing tutors and 12 engineering students. About 61% of tutors' compliments followed one of six formulae, and about 39% were nonformulaic. Formulaic compliments were general and mainly performed a phatic function, filling pauses and avoiding silence, particularly in interaction closings. Nonformulaic compliments were more specific and individualized, and they may, therefore, be more instructive than formulaic compliments. Nonformulaic compliments also performed an exploratory function, allowing participants to renegotiate discourse status. This study points to other avenues of research, particularly research that systemically examines writers' perceptions of formulaic and nonformulaic feedback, such as compliments.
机译：鼓励写作导师在与技术写作学生的互动中使用称赞。但是，称赞的形式强烈影响它们的功能。具体来说，像“很好”这样的表述称赞功能与“像在视觉上帮助读者的大小方面表现出色”之类的非公式称赞不同。从12位写作导师和12位工程专业学生之间的13次互动中分析了总计107项表扬。约有61％的导师称赞遵循以下六个公式之一，而约39％则是非公式化的。公式化的称赞很笼统，主要表现为阶段性功能，填补了停顿并避免了沉默，尤其是在交互结束时。非公式化的恭维更具体，更个性化，因此它们比公式化的恭维更具启发性。非公式称赞也发挥了探索作用，使参与者可以重新协商话语状态。本研究指出了其他研究途径，尤其是系统地检查作家对公式化和非公式化反馈（例如赞美）的看法的研究。

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