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The four components of a procedure

机译：程序的四个组成部分

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Background. As they guide people in performing a task, procedures are the heart of most manuals. It is, therefore, somewhat surprising that the theoretical and empirical knowledge of their nature has remained somewhat elusive. This paper describes a theoretical framework for procedures, summarized as the four components model, which is grounded in systems theory and rhetoric. Aim. The study addresses two research questions: (1) What are procedures made of? and (2) Which design guidelines for procedures can be abstracted from theory and research? Results. The model distinguishes between: goals, prerequisite states, unwanted states (warnings and problem-solving information), and actions and reactions. For each component pertinent research findings are summarized and lead to the formulation of design guidelines. Occasionally these guidelines are compared with existing procedures from a sample of 104 manuals to see how well theory and practice agree. Conclusion. The model offers a manageable and expandable framework for creating user support that is based on scientific research. It can be used for a systematic analysis of procedures and for their (re)design.
机译：背景。正如他们指导人们执行任务，程序是大多数手册的核心。因此，有些令人惊讶的是，他们性质的理论和经验知识仍然难以捉摸。本文介绍了一种用于程序的理论框架，总结为四个组件模型，该模型基于系统理论和修辞。目标。该研究解决了两项研究问题：（1）程序制成的程序是什么？ （2）可以从理论和研究中抽象哪些程序的设计准则？结果。该模型区分：目标，先决条件，不需要的国家（警告和解决信息），以及行动和反应。对于每个组件相关的研究结果总结并导致了设计指南的制定。偶尔这些指南与来自104个手册的样本的现有程序进行了比较，以了解理论和实践的同意程度。结论。该模型提供了可管理和可扩展的框架，用于创建基于科学研究的用户支持。它可用于对程序的系统分析和其（重新）设计。

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