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Estimating the number of faults: efficiency of removal, recapture, and seeding

机译:估计故障数量:去除,重新捕获和播种的效率

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摘要

Various experimental designs for estimating the number of faults in a system are studied including: (1) removal of each fault as it is detected; (2) marking of each fault as it is detected; and (3) introduction of a known number of faults into the system followed by (1) or (2). A unified framework is developed for comparing these designs; it also produces simplified estimators having high efficiency relative to maximum likelihood estimators. The designs are compared in terms of: (1) statistical accuracy; and (2) the number of failures that need to occur to achieve a given accuracy. On the basis of these comparisons, some general recommendations are made on the level of seeding as well as the choice of removal or recapture designs. When the testing effort is sufficient so that roughly two thirds of the faults are detected, the removal-design is preferred over the recapture-design, and there are no gains from seeding. However, this conclusion depends on assigning unit cost to all fault detections, which might not always be reasonable.
机译:研究了用于估计系统中故障数量的各种实验设计,包括:(1)在检测到每个故障时将其消除; (2)在检测到每个故障时进行标记; (3)将已知数量的故障引入系统,然后是(1)或(2)。开发了用于比较这些设计的统一框架。相对于最大似然估计器,它还产生了效率较高的简化估计器。比较以下方面的设计:(1)统计准确性; (2)达到给定精度所需发生的故障数量。在这些比较的基础上,就播种水平以及去除或重新捕获设计的选择提出了一些一般性建议。当测试工作足够进行以至于检测到大约三分之二的故障时,去除设计优于重新捕获设计,并且播种没有任何好处。但是,此结论取决于为所有故障检测分配单位成本,这可能并不总是合理的。

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