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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control >Evaluation of the Transverse Oscillation Technique for Cardiac Phased Array Imaging: A Theoretical Study
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Evaluation of the Transverse Oscillation Technique for Cardiac Phased Array Imaging: A Theoretical Study

机译：心脏相控阵成像横向振荡技术的评价：理论研究

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The transverse oscillation (TO) technique can improve the estimation of tissue motion perpendicular to the ultrasound beam direction. TOs can be introduced using plane wave (PW) insonification and bilobed Gaussian apodization (BA) on receive (abbreviated as PWTO). Furthermore, the TO frequency of PWTO can be doubled after a heterodyning demodulation process is performed (abbreviated as PWTO*). This paper is concerned with identifying the limitations of the PWTO technique in the specific context of myocardial deformation imaging with phased arrays and investigating the conditions in which it remains advantageous over traditional focused (FOC) beamforming. For this purpose, several tissue phantoms were simulated using Field II, undergoing a wide range of displacement magnitudes and modes (lateral, axial, and rotational motions). The Cramer-Rao lower bound was used to optimize TO beamforming parameters and theoretically predict the fundamental tracking performance limits associated with the FOC, PWTO, and PWTO* beamforming scenarios. This framework was extended to also predict the performance for BA functions that are windowed by the physical aperture of the transducer, leading to higher lateral oscillations. It was found that windowed BA functions resulted in lower jitter errors compared with traditional BA functions. PWTO* outperformed FOC at all investigated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels but only up to a certain displacement, with the advantage rapidly decreasing when the SNR increased. These results suggest that PWTO* improves lateral tracking performance, but only when interframe displacements remain relatively low. This paper concludes by translating these findings into a clinical environment by suggesting optimal scanner settings.
机译：横向振荡（TO）技术可以改善对垂直于超声波束方向的组织运动的估计。可以在接收时使用平面波（PW）声化和双瓣高斯切趾（BA）引入TO（缩写为PWTO）。此外，在执行外差式解调过程（缩写为PWTO *）之后，PWTO的TO频率可以加倍。本文关注于在具有相控阵的心肌变形成像的特定背景下确定PWTO技术的局限性，并研究在这种条件下其仍优于传统聚焦（FOC）波束成形的条件。为此，使用Field II对几种组织体模进行了模拟，它们经历了各种各样的位移幅度和模式（横向，轴向和旋转运动）。 Cramer-Rao下限用于优化TO波束成形参数，并在理论上预测与FOC，PWTO和PWTO *波束成形方案相关的基本跟踪性能极限。扩展此框架还可以预测BA功能的性能，这些功能由换能器的物理孔径开窗，从而导致更高的横向振荡。发现与传统的BA功能相比，窗口BA功能导致较低的抖动误差。在所有调查的信噪比（SNR）级别上，PWTO *的性能均优于FOC，但仅达到一定位移时，随着SNR的提高，优势迅速降低。这些结果表明，PWTO *改善了横向跟踪性能，但仅当帧间位移保持相对较低时。本文通过建议最佳扫描仪设置将这些发现转化为临床环境作为总结。

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