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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control >Toward Quantitative Whole Organ Thermoacoustics With a Clinical Array Plus One Very Low-Frequency Channel Applied to Prostate Cancer Imaging
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Toward Quantitative Whole Organ Thermoacoustics With a Clinical Array Plus One Very Low-Frequency Channel Applied to Prostate Cancer Imaging

机译：借助临床阵列以及一个用于前列腺癌成像的超低频通道，实现量化的全器官热声学

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Thermoacoustics has the potential to provide quantitative images of intrinsic tissue properties, most notably electrical conductivity in Siemens/meter, much as shear wave elastography provides tissue stiffness in kilopascal. Although thermoacoustic imaging with optical excitation has been commercialized for small animals, it has not yet made the transition to clinic for whole organ imaging in humans. The purpose of this work was to develop and validate specifications for a clinical ultrasound array for quantitative whole organ thermoacoustic imaging. Imaging a large organ requires exciting thermoacoustic pulses throughout the volume and broadband detection of those pulses because tomographic image reconstruction preserves frequency content. Applying the half-wavelength limit to a inclusion inside a 7.5-cm diameter organ requires measurement sensitivity to frequencies ranging from 4 MHz to 10 kHz, respectively. A dual-transducer system utilizing a P4-1 array connected to a Verasonics V1 system as well as a focused single-element transducer sensitive to lower frequencies was developed. Very high-frequency (VHF) irradiation generated thermoacoustic pulses throughout a volume. In the VHF regime, electrical conductivity drives thermoacoustic signal production. Simultaneous acquisition of thermoacoustic pulses by both transducers enabled comparison of transducer performance. Data from the clinical array generated a stack of 96 images with a separation of 0.3 mm, whereas the single-element transducer imaged only in a single plane. In-plane resolution and quantitative accuracy were quantified at isocenter. The array provided volumetric imaging capability with superior resolution whereas the single-element transducer provided superior quantitative a- curacy in axial images. Combining axial images from both transducers preserved resolution of the P4-1 array and improved image contrast. Neither transducer was sensitive to frequencies below 50 kHz, resulting in a dc offset and low-frequency shading over fields of view exceeding 15 mm. Fresh human prostates were imaged and volumetric reconstructions reveal structures rarely seen in diagnostic images. In conclusion, quantitative whole-organ thermoacoustic tomography will be feasible by sparsely interspersing transducer elements sensitive to the low end of the ultrasonic range.
机译：热声技术有潜力提供组织固有特性的定量图像，最显着的是西门子/米的电导率，这与剪切波弹性成像技术可以提供千帕的组织刚度非常相似。尽管带有光学激发的热声成像已经被商业化用于小型动物，但是它还没有过渡到用于人体全器官成像的临床。这项工作的目的是开发和验证用于定量全器官热声成像的临床超声阵列的规格。对大型器官成像需要在整个体积中激发热声脉冲，并需要对这些脉冲进行宽带检测，因为断层图像重建可以保留频率内容。将半波长限制应用于直径7.5厘米的器官内的夹杂物，需要分别对4 MHz至10 kHz范围内的频率进行测量。开发了使用与Verasonics V1系统连接的P4-1阵列以及对低频敏感的聚焦单元件换能器的双换能器系统。甚高频（VHF）辐射在整个体积中产生热声脉冲。在甚高频系统中，电导率驱动热声信号的产生。两个换能器同时采集热声脉冲可以比较换能器的性能。来自临床阵列的数据生成了96幅图像的堆栈，间距为0.3毫米，而单元素换能器仅在单个平面中成像。面内分辨率和定量精度在等中心线处定量。该阵列提供了具有出色分辨率的体积成像功能，而单元素换能器在轴向图像中提供了出色的定量精度。将两个传感器的轴向图像组合在一起，可以保留P4-1阵列的分辨率并改善图像对比度。两个换能器都不对低于50 kHz的频率敏感，导致超过15mm的视场上出现直流偏移和低频阴影。对新鲜的人类前列腺成像，并进行体积重建，显示诊断图像中很少见的结构。总之，通过将散布对超声范围低端敏感的换能器元件稀疏散布，定量全器官热声层析成像将是可行的。

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